Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḳaraṣ-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Compare Central Atlas Tamazight ⵇⵇⵙ (qqs).

Verb

*ḳaraṣ-

1. to poke, to prick

Conjugation

Conjugation of Proto-Semitic/ḳaraṣ- (paʕala)

verbal noun					*ḳarṣ-
active participle					*ḳāriṣ-
passive participle					*ḳarīṣ-, *ḳarūṣ-
		singular				dual				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
perfect	m	*ḳaraṣku	*ḳaraṣka	*ḳaraṣa		*ḳaraṣkayā	*ḳaraṣkā	*ḳaraṣā		*ḳaraṣna	*ḳaraṣkanu	*ḳaraṣū
	f		*ḳaraṣki	*ḳaraṣat				*ḳaraṣatā			*ḳaraṣkina	*ḳaraṣā
imperfect	m	*ʔaḳruṣ	*taḳruṣ	*yiḳruṣ			*taḳruṣā	*yaḳruṣā		*niḳruṣ	*taḳruṣū	*yiḳruṣū
	f		*taḳruṣī	*taḳruṣ				*taḳruṣā			*taḳruṣā	*yiḳruṣā
imperative	m		*ḳaruṣ				*ḳaruṣā				*ḳaruṣū
	f		*ḳaruṣī								*ḳaruṣā

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒋺 (karāṣum, garāṣum, ḫarāṣum, qarāṣum, “to nip off”)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: قَرَصَ (qaraṣa, “to pinch”)
    • Arabic: قَرَضَ (qaraḍa, “to cut, to gnaw”)
  • Northwest Semitic:
    • Aramaic:

    Classical Syriac: ܩܪܰܨ (qəraṣ, “to pinch”)

    • Ugaritic: 𐎖𐎗𐎕 (qrṣ /⁠qaraṣa⁠/, “to shape clay into an effigy”)
  • Ethiopian Semitic:
    • Amharic: ቀረጸ (ḳäräṣä, “to incise”)
    • Ge'ez: ቀረጸ (ḳäräṣä, “to incise”)
    • Tigrinya: ቀረጸ (ḳäräṣä, “to incise”)
  • → Old Armenian: կրծեմ (krcem, “to gnaw”) (perhaps)

Further reading

• Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 444b