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կրծեմ

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Old Armenian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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The origin is uncertain. Some of the derivatives point to a full root *կուրծ- (*kurc-), but it may be a back-formation from կրծեմ (krcem).

Usually connected with Proto-Slavic *gryzti, Lithuanian gráužti (“to gnaw”), sometimes also Ancient Greek βρύχω (brúkhō, “to gnash, grind the teeth”), and derived from Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ruǵ-, but because *g⁽ʷ⁾r- would yield Armenian երկ- (erk-),[1] one has to assume a metathesised variant *gurǵ- for Armenian.[2][3][4][5][6]

Perhaps a Semitic borrowing, ultimately from Proto-Semitic *qaraṣ- (“to poke, prick”), whence notably the Arabic roots ق ر ص (q-r-ṣ) related to pinching and stinging and ق ر ض (q-r-ḍ) related to cutting and gnawing and the Classical Syriac root ܩ-ܪ-ܨ (q-r-ṣ) related to stinging.

See also կուրծ (kurc).

Verb

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կրծեմ • (krcem)

  1. (transitive) to gnaw, to nibble
  2. (transitive) to corrode, to canker
  3. (transitive) to eat, to consume, to destroy
  4. (transitive) to take or carry away by force (e.g. territories)

Conjugation

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active
infinitive կրծել (krcel) participle կրծեցեալ, կրծեալ (krcecʻeal, krceal)
causative — aorist stem կրծեց- (krcecʻ-)
person singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative ես դու նա մեք դուք նոքա
present կրծեմ (krcem) կրծես (krces) կրծէ (krcē) կրծեմք (krcemkʻ) կրծէք (krcēkʻ) կրծեն (krcen)
imperfect կրծէի, կրծեի* (krcēi, krcei*) կրծէիր, կրծեիր* (krcēir, krceir*) կրծէր (krcēr) կրծէաք, կրծեաք* (krcēakʻ, krceakʻ*) կրծէիք, կրծեիք* (krcēikʻ, krceikʻ*) կրծէին, կրծեին* (krcēin, krcein*)
aorist կրծեցի (krcecʻi) կրծեցեր (krcecʻer) կրծեաց (krceacʻ) կրծեցաք (krcecʻakʻ) կրծեցէք, կրծեցիք (krcecʻēkʻ, krcecʻikʻ) կրծեցին (krcecʻin)
subjunctive ես դու նա մեք դուք նոքա
present կրծիցեմ (krcicʻem) կրծիցես (krcicʻes) կրծիցէ (krcicʻē) կրծիցեմք (krcicʻemkʻ) կրծիցէք (krcicʻēkʻ) կրծիցեն (krcicʻen)
aorist կրծեցից (krcecʻicʻ) կրծեսցես (krcescʻes) կրծեսցէ (krcescʻē) կրծեսցուք (krcescʻukʻ) կրծեսջիք (krcesǰikʻ) կրծեսցեն (krcescʻen)
imperatives — (դու) — — (դուք) —
imperative — կրծեա՛ (krceá) — — կրծեցէ՛ք (krcecʻḗkʻ) —
cohortative — կրծեսջի՛ր (krcesǰír) — — կրծեսջի՛ք (krcesǰíkʻ) —
prohibitive — մի՛ կրծեր (mí krcer) — — մի՛ կրծէք (mí krcēkʻ) —
*rare

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Armenian: կրծել (krcel)

References

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  1. ^ Meillet, Antoine (1925) “Comptes Rendus”, in Bulletin de la Société de linguistique de Paris (in French), volume 26, number 80, page 213
  2. ^ Müller, Friedrich (1890) “Armeniaca VI”, in Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Classe (in German), volume 122, page 4
  3. ^ Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 462
  4. ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “կուրծ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 666ab
  5. ^ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period]‎[1] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 173
  6. ^ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “կրծել”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, pages 434–435

Further reading

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  • Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “կրծեմ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “կրծեմ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
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