Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tews-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology 1

Root

*tews-^{[a 1]}^{[a 2]}

to be empty; to drain

Derived terms

*tus-sḱé-ti (sḱe-present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tušćáti
  - Proto-Iranian: *tuŝáti
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬙𐬎𐬯𐬆𐬥 (tusən, 3.pl.inj)
*tows-éye-ti (causative)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tawšáyati
  - Proto-Iranian: *tawšáyati
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬙𐬌 (taošaiieti, 3.sg.pres.ind)
*tus-sḱ-yós (“empty”)^{[a 3]}
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tuskjas (“empty”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tušćyás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tuśćyás
    - Vedic Sanskrit: तुच्छ्य (tucchyá, “empty”)
  - Proto-Iranian: *tuŝyás
    - Khotanese: tuśśaa (“empty”)
    - Middle Persian: [script needed] (twhyg /⁠tuhīg⁠/)
      - Persian: تهی (tohi, “empty”)
    - Parthian: [script needed] (twsyg, “empty”)
Unsorted formations:
- Italic:
  - Latin: tesqua (“desert”)
- Proto-Germanic: *þustaz (“manure”)

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2. *teu̯s-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 642
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*tauš”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 388
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*tussk̂i̯os”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 179

Etymology 2

Probably an extension of *tewH- (“to favour”).^{[b 1]}

Root

*tews-^{[b 2]}^{[b 3]}

to be happy
(later) to be still

Derived terms

*tus-sḱé-ti (sḱe-present)
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - Hittite: [script needed] (tu-uš-ki-ez-zi /⁠tuškezzi⁠/, “to be happy”)^{[b 4]}
*tus-yé-ti (ye-present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tušyáti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tuṣyáti
    - Sanskrit: तुष्यति (túṣyati) (metrically तुष्यते (túṣyate))
      - Pali: tussati
*tows-éye-ti (causative-iterative)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tawšáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tawṣáyati
    - Sanskrit: तोषयति (toṣáyati)

Unsorted formations
- Proto-Slavic: *tušiti (“to make still, to quench”)^{[b 5]} (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *þusiþaz (“silent”) (see there for further descendants)
- Sanskrit: तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm, “silently”)
- Old Prussian: tusnan (“still”)

References

^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *teu̯s-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 641
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*teus-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 255
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “tušk(ii̯e/a)-^zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1040
^ Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ту́хнуть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2. *teu̯s-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 642

[2] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*tauš”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 388

[3] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*tussk̂i̯os”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 179

[4] Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[5] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *teu̯s-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 641

[6] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*teus-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 255

[7] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “tušk(ii̯e/a)-^zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1040

[8] Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ту́хнуть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

[a 1]

[a 2]

[a 3]

[b 1]

[b 2]

[b 3]

[b 4]

[b 5]