Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sm̥-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Zero grade form of the numeral stem *sem- (“one, together”).

Prefix

*sm̥-

1. one
2. with, together

Related terms

• *sḗm (“one”)
• *sēm-i (“half”)

Descendants

• Proto-Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: ամ- (am-, “at, with, together”)
• Proto-Hellenic:
  • Ancient Greek: ἁ- (ha-, “together”)
    • ⇒ Ancient Greek: ἅπαξ (hápax, “once”)
      • Greek: άπαξ (ápax)
      • French: hapax, apax
• Proto-Italic:
  • Latin: sem-, sim-
    • ⇒ Latin: semper (“always”) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ Latin: simītu
    • ⇒ Latin: simplex (“single, simple”) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ Latin: simplus (“simple”) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    • Sanskrit: स (sa-, “together, with”)
  • Proto-Iranian: *ha-
    • Avestan: 𐬵𐬀- (ha-, “with, together”)
    • Old Persian: 𐏃 (h /⁠ha-⁠/)

Derived terms

Category Proto-Indo-European terms prefixed with *sm̥- not found

• *sm̥-meh₁lom (“one time”) (with *meh₁-)
  • Proto-Italic:
    • Latin: semel
• *sm̥-ḱm̥tóm (“one hundred”) (with *ḱm̥tóm)
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἑκατόν (hekatón), ἑκοτόν (hekotón) — Arcadocypriot
      • Greek: εκατό (ekató)
      • Mariupol Greek: като́ (kató)
      • → English: hecato-
• *sm̥-ǵʰéslo- (“(one) thousand”) (with *ǵʰéslom)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *saȷ́ʰásram (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *smīɣeslī
    • Latin: mīlle (see there for further descendants)
• *sm̥-teros (“one other”) (with the suffix *-teros to form adjectives)
  • Proto-Celtic: *santeros
  • Proto-Hellenic: *həteros
    • Ancient Greek: ἕτερος (héteros) ἅτερος (háteros), ὥτερος (hṓteros), ἄτερος (áteros) (see there for further descendants)
• *sm̥-dʰe
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: सध (sadhá), सह (sahá)
• *sm̥-dʰri ^?
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: सध्रि (sádhri) (given by Pāṇini as synonym of सह (sahá))