Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kleh₂w-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*kleh₂w-^[1]^[2]

a hook, crook, peg
to close something

Alternative reconstructions

*kleh₁w-, *klew-^[1]
*klewH-^[3]
*(s)kleh₁w-, *(s)kleh₂w-^[1]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)kleh₂w- (13 c, 0 e)

*kleh₂u-de-ti^[4]
- Proto-Albanian: *kla(u)tja^[5]
  - Albanian: qos
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: kliūdýti
- >? Proto-Germanic: *sleutaną (< *(s)klewh₂-de-ti) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *klaudō
  - Latin: claudō, clūdō (see there for further descendants)
  - Paelignian: clusu (participle perfect)
  - ⇒ Proto-Italic: *klaudtrom^[4]
    - Latin: claustrum (see there for further descendants)

*kléh₂u-ti ~ *kluh₂-énti (root present)^[2]^[6]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: kļũt
  - Lithuanian: kliū́ti, kliáuti
  - Proto-Slavic: *kľuti
    - ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *kľùka (+ *-ka) (see there for further descendants)
    - ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *kľučь (+ *-čь) (see there for further descendants)

*kleh₂u-ye-ti
- Proto-Hellenic: *klāyyō
  - Ancient Greek: κληΐω (klēḯō)

*kléh₂w-ih₂ ~ *kl̥h₂u-yéh₂s^[2]^[7]
- Proto-Hellenic: *klāwī́
  - ⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *klāwī́ds
    - Ancient Greek: κληΐς (klēḯs)
  - ⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *klāwī́ks
    - Doric: κλᾴξ (klā́ix)
  - ⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *klāwitʰron
    - Ancient Greek: κλήϊθρον (klḗïthron)

*kléh₂w-i-s^[2]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Mycenaean Greek: 𐀏𐀨𐀹𐀡𐀫 (ka-ra-wi-po-ro /⁠klāwi-pʰoros⁠/)
- Proto-Italic: *klāwis (“bar, bolt”)
  - Latin: clāvis (see there for further descendants)

*kleh₂w-o-s^[2]^[8]
- Proto-Celtic: *klāwos (possibly borrowed from Latin instead) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *klāwos^[9]
  - Latin: clāvus (“nail, peg”) (see there for further descendants)

*kloh₂u-yo-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *klōyyos
  - Ancient Greek: κλῳός (klōiós)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “klēu- (auch klěu-?) und klāu-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 604-605
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 175; 289: “*kleh₂u-d-; *kl(e)h₂u̯-īd-; *kleh₂u- i - , -o-”
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*kleu̯H-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 365
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “claudō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 118
^ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎^[1], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 86
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “kliūti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 252
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κλείς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page *kleh₂u-iH- of 711-712
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*klāwo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 207: “PIE: *kleh₂-w-”
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “clāvus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 119

[IEW-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “klēu- (auch klěu-?) und klāu-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 604-605

[Schrijver-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 175; 289: “*kleh₂u-d-; *kl(e)h₂u̯-īd-; *kleh₂u- i - , -o-”

[LIV-3] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*kleu̯H-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 365

[EDL_claudo-4] 4.0 ^4.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “claudō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 118

[5] Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎^[1], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 86

[6] Derksen, Rick (2015) “kliūti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 252

[7] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κλείς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page *kleh₂u-iH- of 711-712

[8] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*klāwo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 207: “PIE: *kleh₂-w-”

[9] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “clāvus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 119

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