Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sleutaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

• *slūtaną

Etymology

Of uncertain origin.

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)klewd- (“to lock”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kleh₂w- (“nail, hook, pin, key”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel- (“to crook, bend”), and compared with Latin clāvis (“key, bar, bolt”), Latin claudō (“close”), Lithuanian kliudyti (“to hamper, obstruct”), Old Irish cló (“nail”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Kroonen, however, considers the word restricted to Germanic, and leaves its origin open, while Orel tentatively connects the word to *lūtaną (“to bow down”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsleu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*sleutaną

1. to bolt, lock
2. to shut, close

Inflection

Conjugation of *sleutaną (strong class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*sleutō	*sleutaų	—	*sleutai	?
2nd singular	*sliutizi	*sleutaiz	*sleut	*sleutazai	*sleutaizau
3rd singular	*sliutidi	*sleutai	*sleutadau	*sleutadai	*sleutaidau
1st dual	*sleutōz	*sleutaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*sleutadiz	*sleutaidiz	*sleutadiz	—	—
1st plural	*sleutamaz	*sleutaim	—	*sleutandai	*sleutaindau
2nd plural	*sliutid	*sleutaid	*sliutid	*sleutandai	*sleutaindau
3rd plural	*sleutandi	*sleutain	*sleutandau	*sleutandai	*sleutaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*slaut	*slutį̄
2nd singular	*slaust	*slutīz
3rd singular	*slaut	*slutī
1st dual	*slutū	*slutīw
2nd dual	*slutudiz	*slutīdiz
1st plural	*slutum	*slutīm
2nd plural	*slutud	*slutīd
3rd plural	*slutun	*slutīn
	present	past
participles	*sleutandz	*slutanaz

Related terms

• *slutą
• *slutilaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *sleutan
  • Old Frisian: slūta
    • Saterland Frisian: sluute, slute
    • West Frisian: slute
  • Old Saxon: *slūtan (in combination)
    • Middle Low German: slûten
      • German Low German: sluten, slüten
      • → Danish: slutte
        • Norwegian Bokmål: slutte
      • → Swedish: sluta
      • → Norwegian Nynorsk: slutte, slutta
  • Old Dutch: *slūtan
    • Middle Dutch: sluten
      • Dutch: sluiten
        • Afrikaans: sluit
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: slokti
        • → Saramaccan: sòotó
      • Limburgish: sloete
  • Old High German: sliozan
    • Middle High German: sliezen
      • German: schließen
      • Luxembourgish: schléissen
      • Yiddish: שליסן (shlisn)