Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lūtaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *lewd- (“to duck, crouch, feign, cringe, become small”), a root whose purported descendants are uncertain, but which usually includes Lithuanian liū̃dnas (“sad”), liū̃sti (“to become sad”). By synchronic analysis, Kroonen takes the word as a back-formation from the iterative *luttōną (“to stoop, droop”) (apparently from the same root), and tentatively compares Old Irish lott (“damage, destruction”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈluː.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*lūtaną

1. to bow down, lout

Inflection

Conjugation of *lūtaną (strong class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*lūtō	*lūtaų	—	*lūtai	?
2nd singular	*lūtizi	*lūtaiz	*lūt	*lūtazai	*lūtaizau
3rd singular	*lūtidi	*lūtai	*lūtadau	*lūtadai	*lūtaidau
1st dual	*lūtōz	*lūtaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*lūtadiz	*lūtaidiz	*lūtadiz	—	—
1st plural	*lūtamaz	*lūtaim	—	*lūtandai	*lūtaindau
2nd plural	*lūtid	*lūtaid	*lūtid	*lūtandai	*lūtaindau
3rd plural	*lūtandi	*lūtain	*lūtandau	*lūtandai	*lūtaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*laut	*lutį̄
2nd singular	*laust	*lutīz
3rd singular	*laut	*lutī
1st dual	*lutū	*lutīw
2nd dual	*lutudiz	*lutīdiz
1st plural	*lutum	*lutīm
2nd plural	*lutud	*lutīd
3rd plural	*lutun	*lutīn
	present	past
participles	*lūtandz	*lutanaz

Related terms

• *leutaz
• *lītilaz
• *lutjaną
• *lutōną
• *luttiz
• *lūtilaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *lūtan
  • Old English: lūtan
    • Middle English: louten
      • Scots: loot, lout
      • English: lout
• Old Norse: lúta
  • Icelandic: lúta
  • Faroese: lúta
  • Norwegian: lute
  • Old Swedish: lūta
    • Swedish: luta
  • Danish: lude
  • Elfdalian: lauta