Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷyeh₁-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*kʷyeh₁-^[1]^[2]^[3]

to rest
rest, peace

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷyeh₁- (16 c, 0 e)

*kʷyeh₁- (root aorist)
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: quiēvī
*kʷih₁-yé-ti (yé-present)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *po-čiti (see there for further descendants)
*kʷyeh₁-sḱe- (innovated full-grade sḱe-present)
- Proto-Italic: *kʷjēskō
  - Latin: quiēscō (see there for further descendants)
*kʷyéh₁-ti-s ~ *kʷih₁-téy-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čyáHtiš^[4]
  - Proto-Iranian: *šyáHtih (“happiness”)
    - Avestan: 𐬱𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬌 (šāⁱti)
    - Old Persian: 𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎶 (š-i-y-a-t-i-m /⁠šiyātim⁠/, acc.sg.), 𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹𐎠 (š-i-y-a-t-i-y-a /⁠šiyātiyā⁠/, inst.sg.)
- Proto-Italic: *kʷjētis
  - Latin: quiēs (see there for further descendants)
*kʷyeh₁-to-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čyaHtas^[5]
  - Proto-Iranian: *šyaHtas (“happy”)
    - Avestan: 𐬱𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬙𐬀- (šiiāta-)
    - Old Persian: 𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎠𐎫 (š-i-y-a-t /⁠šiyāta⁠/)
      - ⇒ Middle Persian: [script needed] (šʾt' /⁠šād⁠/)
        Persian: شاد (šâd)
    - → Aghwan: 𐕐𐔰𐔳 (šad)
    - → Old Armenian: շատ (šat)
- Proto-Italic: *kʷjētos
  - Latin: quiētus (see there for further descendants)
*kʷih₁-l-ós
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čirás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćirás
    - >? Sanskrit: चिर (cirá) (unexpected short -i-) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *(trāns)kʷīlos
  - Latin: (trān)quillus^[6] (see there for further descendants)
*kʷih₁-tl-éh₂^[7]
- Proto-Albanian: *čilā-
  - Proto-Albanian: *(a-)čila-
    - Albanian: (e)sëll
  - Albanian: sillë
- Proto-Germanic: *hwīlō (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *hwīlāną (see there for further descendants)
*kʷoyh₁-o- (with metathesis in the root)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *po-kojь (see there for further descendants)
*sm̥-kʷih₁-^[8]^[9]
- Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: հանգչիմ (hangčʻim, “to rest”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *samčiH-
  - Proto-Iranian: *hamšiH-
    - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (hncy-, “to rest, repose”)
    - Ossetian: ӕнцад (æncad, “quiet, tranquil”)
    - Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾncʾy, “to stay, remain”)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 393–394
^ Brandenstein, Wilhelm, Mayrhofer, Manfred (1964) “šiyāti-”, in Handbuch des Altpersischen (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 143
^ Brandenstein, Wilhelm, Mayrhofer, Manfred (1964) “šiyāta-”, in Handbuch des Altpersischen (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 143
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 638
^ Kroonen, Guus (2017) “The development of the Proto-Indo-European instrumental suffix in Germanic”, in Indogermanische Forschungen‎^[3], volume 122, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 105-110
^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 388–389
^ Čong (Cheung), Dž. (2009) T. K. Salbijeva, transl., Očerki istoričeskovo razvitija osetinskovo vokalizma [Studies in the Historical Development of the Ossetic Vocalism] (in Russian), Vladikavkaz: Izdatelʹsko-poligrafičeskoje predprijatije im. V. Gassijeva, →ISBN, page 223

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[3] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 393–394

[4] Brandenstein, Wilhelm, Mayrhofer, Manfred (1964) “šiyāti-”, in Handbuch des Altpersischen (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 143

[5] Brandenstein, Wilhelm, Mayrhofer, Manfred (1964) “šiyāta-”, in Handbuch des Altpersischen (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 143

[6] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 638

[7] Kroonen, Guus (2017) “The development of the Proto-Indo-European instrumental suffix in Germanic”, in Indogermanische Forschungen‎^[3], volume 122, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 105-110

[8] Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 388–389

[9] Čong (Cheung), Dž. (2009) T. K. Salbijeva, transl., Očerki istoričeskovo razvitija osetinskovo vokalizma [Studies in the Historical Development of the Ossetic Vocalism] (in Russian), Vladikavkaz: Izdatelʹsko-poligrafičeskoje predprijatije im. V. Gassijeva, →ISBN, page 223

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