Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁el-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₁el-^[1]

greyish or brownish coloration
deer, elk
→ elephant
various tree species with bright bark, e.g. alder, elm, fir

Derived terms

*h₁él-h₁ēn^[1] or *h₁él-h₁en-i^[2]^[3]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: եղն (ełn, “hind”)
    - Armenian: եղնիկ (eġnik, “doe”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *elenias
  - Latvian: alnis (“elk, moose”)
  - Lithuanian: élnias, élnis, álnis (“deer”)
  - Proto-Slavic: *eleňь (see there for further descendants)
*h₁ól-h₁n-ih₂ ~ *h₁él-h₁n-ih₂^[1]^[4]^[5]^[6]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *alˀnīˀ
  - Lithuanian: álnė, élnė
  - Old Prussian: alne
  - Proto-Slavic: *òlni (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *elanī (see there for further descendants)
*h₁él-h₁n-t-ih₂^[1]^[4]
- Proto-Celtic: *elantī (see there for further descendants)
*h₁él-n̥^[7]
- Proto-Tocharian: *yälä
  - Tocharian A: yäl
  - Tocharian B: yal
*h₁l̥h₁-on-bʰo-s
- Proto-Germanic: *lambaz (“lamb”)
*h₁él-n̥-bʰo-s^[1]^[8]
- Proto-Hellenic: *éləpʰos
  - Ancient Greek: ἔλαφος (élaphos, “red deer”)
    - Greek: ελάφι (eláfi)
*h₁el-nó-s^[1]^[8]
- Proto-Hellenic: *elnós
  - Ancient Greek: ἐλλός (ellós)
*h₁ól-ḱ-is ~ h₁él-ḱ-is^[9]^[10]
- Proto-Germanic: *algiz, *elhaz (see there for further descendants)
  - → Ancient Greek: ἄλκη (álkē)
  - → Latin: alcēs
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *alśis
  - Proto-Slavic: *ȏlsь (see there for further descendants)
*h₁ĺ̥-ḱ-yos
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hŕ̥ćyas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hŕ̥śyas
    - Vedic Sanskrit: ऋश्य (ṛ́śya) ^[11]^[12]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “ełn”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 253
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*elen̦ь, *elennь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 140
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “elnias”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 153
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “elan(t)ī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 115
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*òlni”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 368-369
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “elnė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 153
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “yal”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 523
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἔλαφος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 402-403
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*algi- 2”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 21
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*ȏlsь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 370
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “ŕ̥śya-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*algi- 2”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 21

[Martirosyan-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “ełn”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 253

[2] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*elen̦ь, *elennь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 140

[3] Derksen, Rick (2015) “elnias”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 153

[Matasovic-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “elan(t)ī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 115

[5] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*òlni”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 368-369

[6] Derksen, Rick (2015) “elnė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 153

[7] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “yal”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 523

[Beekes-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἔλαφος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 402-403

[9] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*algi- 2”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 21

[10] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*ȏlsь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 370

[IAIL-11] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “ŕ̥śya-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[12] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*algi- 2”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 21

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