Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)teg-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*(s)teg- (imperfective)

2. to cover

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)teg- (cover) (37 c, 0 e)

• *(s)tég-e-ti (root present)
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: στέγω (stégō)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stʰágati
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stʰágati
      • Sanskrit: स्थगति (sthágati)
  • Proto-Italic: *tegō
    • Latin: tegō
    • ⇒? Umbrian: 𐌕𐌄𐌇𐌕𐌄𐌛𐌉𐌌 (tehteřim, acc. sg.) (< *tekt-edjo-)
• *stog-éye-ti (causative/iterative)
  • Proto-Celtic: *togīti (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stʰagáyati
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stʰagáyati
      • Sanskrit: स्थगयति (sthagáyati)
• *teg-dʰleh₂
  • Italic:
    • Latin: tēgula (see there for further descendants)
• *tég-mn̥
  • Italic:
    • Latin: tegmen, tegimen, tegumen (with epenthetic -i- -u-)
• *teg-no-
  • Proto-Italic: *tegnom
    • Latin: tignum
• *steg-nós
  • Proto-Hellenic: *stegnós
    • Ancient Greek: στεγανός (steganós)
      • ⇒ English: steganography
• *(s)tég-os
  • Proto-Albanian: *tāga
    • Albanian: tog
      • Albanian: toger
  • Proto-Celtic: *tegos (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *(s)tégos
    • Ancient Greek: στέγος (stégos), τέγος (tégos)
      • ⇒ English: stegosaur, stegosaurus
• *teg-ur-yo-
  • Italic:
    • Latin: tugurium, tegurium, tigurium
• *tég-us (“thick”)
• *tog-éh₂
  • Proto-Italic: *togā
    • Latin: toga
    • South Picene: 𐌕𐌏𐌊𐌀𐌌 (tokam)
• *tog-o-
  • Proto-Celtic: *togos (“roof”)
    • Brythonic:
      • Breton: to
      • Welsh: to
  • Proto-Germanic: *þaką, *þakjaną, *þakinō (see there for further descendants)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāgas
    • Old Prussian: stogis
    • Latgalian: stogs
    • Lithuanian: stogas
    • Proto-Slavic: *stogъ (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Celtic: *entogos (< *h₁én-togo-)
    • Old Irish: étach (“clothing”)
      • Irish: éadach
      • Manx: eaddagh
      • Scottish Gaelic: aodach
  • Proto-Celtic: *togyā[1] (< *tog-yeh₂)
    • Old Irish: tugae, tuige
      • Middle Irish: tuga
        • Irish: tuí (“thatch”)
        • Scottish Gaelic: tugha (“thatch”)
        • Manx: thoo, too
    • Celtiberian: togias (gen. sg.)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *táktas
    • Proto-Iranian: *táxtah
      • Middle Persian: tʾht' (taxt) (see there for further descendants)
      • Khotanese: 𐨟𐨿𐨟𐨁𐨌 (ttī, “abode, covered place, nest”)
  • >? Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Proto-Iranian: *tāgah (“arch, vault”)
      • Middle Iranian: *tāk
        • → Arabic: طَاق (ṭāq)
      • Middle Persian: tʾg (/⁠tāg⁠/)
        • Persian: طاق, تاق (tâq)
          • → Armenian: թաղ (tʻaġ)
          • → Azerbaijani: tağ

Root

*(s)teg-

2. pole, stick, beam

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)teg- (pole) (4 c, 0 e)

• *stog-eh₂
  • Proto-Germanic: *stakô (see there for further descendants)
• *stog-nos
  • Proto-Germanic: *stakkaz (see there for further descendants)
• *teg-slom
  • Proto-Italic: *tekslom
    • Latin: tēlum (see there for further descendants)
• *teg-nom
  • Proto-Italic: *tegnom
    • Latin: tignum

Further reading

• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1013”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1013
• Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 127