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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱerh₂-

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Etymology

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    Potentially a collective derivation in *-h₂ from *ḱer- (“to grow”),[1] of which the original root noun may be fossilized in Latin crās.[2] A possible loan relation with Proto-Semitic *ḳarn- (“horn”) has also been suggested. However, it is probably unrelated to Old Chinese 觡 (*kraːɡ, “antler”) and 觥 (*kʷraːŋ, “drinking vessel made of animal horn”) despite the phonological and semantic resemblance between the three.

    Root

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    *ḱerh₂-

    1. head, top
    2. horn

    Alternative reconstructions

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    Derived terms

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    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱerh₂- (82 c, 0 e)
    • *ḱérh₂-os ~ *ḱérh₂-es-[5]
      • Proto-Hellenic: *kéras
    • *ḱérh₂-s ~ *ḱr̥h₂-és (root noun)
      • >? Proto-Italic: *krās (“at the peak, at the start, early”)
        • >? Latin: crās (“tomorrow”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *ḱr(h₂)-ént-
      • ⇒ *ḱrént-os ~ *ḱrn̥t-és-s[15]
    • *ḱr̥(h₂)-nó-s
      • Proto-Celtic: *karnos[17] (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Germanic: *hurną[18] (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥ngam
      • Proto-Italic: *kornū
        • >? Latin: cornū (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ *ḱr̥h₂-néh₂[19][20]
        • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śírˀnāˀ (see there for further descendants)
    • *ḱr-ó-ur ~ *ḱr-ó-un[1]
      • Hittite: [script needed] (karau̯ar, “horn(s), antler(s)”), [script needed] (surna), [script needed] (harsar)
      • [script needed] (SI-na-, “horn”), Luwian: [script needed] (zaru̯ani(ia)-, “of a horn”), Luwian 𒍪𒌨𒉌 (zurni, “horn”), [script needed] (suran-, “horn; plentifulness (?)”)
        • → Classical Persian: سرنا (surnā) (see there for further descendants)

    References

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    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “(SI)karāu̯ar / karaun”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 517-518
    2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “crās”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 140–141
    3. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “¹k̑er-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 574
    4. ^ Nussbaum, Alan J. (1986) Head and Horn in Indo-European‎[1], Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
    5. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κέρας”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 676-677
    6. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cernuus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 110-111
    7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hersan- ~ *herzan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 221–222
    8. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cerebrum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 109
    9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κεραός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 676
    10. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κερᾱΐς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 674
    11. ^ Čong (Cheung), Dž. (2009) T. K. Salbijeva, transl., Očerki istoričeskovo razvitija osetinskovo vokalizma [Studies in the Historical Development of the Ossetic Vocalism] (in Russian), Vladikavkaz: Izdatelʹsko-poligrafičeskoje predprijatije im. V. Gassijeva, →ISBN, pages 22, 82, 177, 178, 320
    12. ^ Abajev, V. I. (1979) Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, pages 179–181
    13. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “karvė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 230
    14. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kòrva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 236
    15. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hrinþiz ~ *hrunþiz”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 247–248
    16. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κάρᾱ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 641
    17. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*karno-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 190-191
    18. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hurna-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 259
    19. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*sьrna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 485
    20. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “stirna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 428-429
    21. ^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 906
    22. ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 570–571
    23. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*sьršenь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 485-486
    24. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “širšuo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 449-450
    25. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hurnuta-/ō-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[5], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 259
    26. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “crābrō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 140
    27. ^ Stefan Schumacher and Joachim Matzinger (2013) Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 224
    28. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*heruta-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[6], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 223

    Further reading

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