Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrunþaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *hrundaz

Etymology

Zero-grade variant of *hrinþaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“summit; peak; top; head; horn”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxrun.θɑz/

Noun

*hrunþaz n

1. A horned beast, as in a neat or ox (alternative form of *hrinþaz)

Inflection

z-stemDeclension of *hrunþaz (z-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hrunþaz	*hrunþizō
vocative	*hrunþaz	*hrunþizō
accusative	*hrunþaz	*hrunþizō
genitive	*hrunþiziz	*hrunþizǫ̂
dative	*hrunþizi	*hrunþizumaz
instrumental	*hrunþizē	*hrunþizumiz

Related terms

• *hersô
• *herznô
• *hurną
• *hurznutō

Descendants

• Old English: hrūþ; hrūþer, hrȳþer
  • Middle English: rither (coalesced with descendant of *hrinþaz); rether, reother, rother, ruther, rodder, rudder
    • English: rother
• Old Frisian: hrēther, reder
  • North Frisian: redder
  • Saterland Frisian: Räier
• Old Saxon: *hrunth, *hrund
  • Middle Low German: runt, ront
• Old Dutch: *runth
  • Middle Dutch: runt, ront
    • Dutch: rund
      • Afrikaans: rund