Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰeh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ǵʰeh₂-^[1]

to yawn, gape

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰeh₂- (6 c, 0 e)

*ǵʰh₂i-éh₂-ye-ti^[2]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źiā́ˀtei
  - Lithuanian: žióti
  - Proto-Slavic: *zijati (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *hiāō
  - Latin: hiō
*ǵʰh₂i-nu-ti^[2]
- Hittite: [script needed] (kīnuzi ~ kinuu̯anzi, “to open up, break open”)
*ǵʰh₂-néh₂-ti
- Ancient Greek: χαίνω (khaínō)
- Proto-Germanic: *ganāną (see there for further descendants)
*ǵʰh₂-sḱéti ~ ǵʰh₂-sḱónti
- Ancient Greek: χάσκω (kháskō)
*ǵʰei-ǵʰh₂-oi- (reduplicated i-perfect)
- Proto-Germanic: *gīgēn- (“to desire”)
  - English: gain
  - Old High German: (with nasal infix) gingēn (“to desire”)
  - Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (gageigan, “to gain”)
*ǵʰh₂ey-
- *ǵʰi-né-h₂-ti ~ ǵʰi-n-h₂-énti (nasal infix present)^[2]
  - Proto-Germanic: *ginōną, *gīnaną (“to gape, yawn”) (see there for further descendants)
- *ǵʰh₂óy-u
  - Proto-Tocharian: *koy (“mouth”)^[3]
    - Tocharian A: koy-
    - Tocharian B: koyn
*ǵʰh₂-bʰ-
- Proto-Germanic: *gapōną (see there for further descendants)
*ɡ́ʰéh₂-os ~ ɡʰéh₂-es-os
- Ancient Greek: χάος (kháos)
ɡ́eh₂-w-
*ɡ́ʰéh₂w-mō ~ ɡ́ʰh₂w-m̥nés
- Proto-Germanic: *gōmô (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- >? Proto-Germanic: *gagin (“towards, against”)
- Proto-Germanic: *gaidwą (“lack, want”, noun) (see there for further descendants)
- >? Proto-Germanic: *gailaz (“wanton”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Tocharian:
  - Tocharian B: kāyā (“to open wide, gape”)
- →? Old Georgian: გემოჲ (gemoy, “palate, taste”) (or from Ancient Greek) (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1614
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*gīnan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 178
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “koyn”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 216-217

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1614

[EDPG-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*gīnan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 178

[3] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “koyn”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 216-217

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