Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gapōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂- (“to gape, be wide open”), closely related to *gabbōną (“to joke, to mock”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣɑ.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gapōną

1. to gape, to yawn
2. to gaze, to observe

Inflection

Conjugation of *gapōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gapō	*gapǭ	—	*gapōi	?
2nd singular	*gapōsi	*gapōs	*gapō	*gapōsai	*gapōsau
3rd singular	*gapōþi	*gapō	*gapōþau	*gapōþai	*gapōþau
1st dual	*gapōs	*gapōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*gapōþiz	*gapōþiz	*gapōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*gapōmaz	*gapōm	—	*gapōnþai	*gapōnþau
2nd plural	*gapōþ	*gapōþ	*gapōþ	*gapōnþai	*gapōnþau
3rd plural	*gapōnþi	*gapōn	*gapōnþau	*gapōnþai	*gapōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gapōdǭ	*gapōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*gapōdēz	*gapōdēdīz
3rd singular	*gapōdē	*gapōdēdī
1st dual	*gapōdēdū	*gapōdēdīw
2nd dual	*gapōdēdudiz	*gapōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*gapōdēdum	*gapōdēdīm
2nd plural	*gapōdēdud	*gapōdēdīd
3rd plural	*gapōdēdun	*gapōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*gapōndz	*gapōdaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *gapōn
  • Old English: *gapian
    • ⇒ Old English: ofergapian
    • Middle English: gapen (Possibly from Old Norse)
      • English: gape
  • Old Frisian: *gapia
    • West Frisian: gapje
  • Old Saxon: *gapōn
    • Middle Low German: gapen
  • Old Dutch: gapon
    • Middle Dutch: gāpen
      • Dutch: gapen
        • Afrikaans: gaap
  • Old High German: *gaffōn
    • Middle High German: gaffen
      • German: gaffen
• Old Norse: gapa
  • → Middle English: gapen
    • English: gape
  • Icelandic: gapa
  • Norwegian:
    • Norwegian Bokmål: gape
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: gapa, gape
  • Swedish: gapa