Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/surgāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *surgō (“worry, sorrow, care”) +‎ *-āną.

Verb

*surgāną

1. to worry, be concerned

Inflection

Conjugation of *surgāną (weak class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*surgō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*surgaisi	?	*surgai	*surgāsai	?
3rd singular	*surgaiþi	?	*surgāþau	*surgāþai	?
1st dual	*surgōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*surgāþiz	?	*surgāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*surgāmaz	?	—	*surgānþai	?
2nd plural	*surgaiþ	?	*surgaiþ	*surgānþai	?
3rd plural	*surgānþi	?	*surgānþau	*surgānþai	?
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*surgadǭ	*surgadēdį̄
2nd singular	*surgadēz	*surgadēdīz
3rd singular	*surgadē	*surgadēdī
1st dual	*surgadēdū	*surgadēdīw
2nd dual	*surgadēdudiz	*surgadēdīdiz
1st plural	*surgadēdum	*surgadēdīm
2nd plural	*surgadēdud	*surgadēdīd
3rd plural	*surgadēdun	*surgadēdīn
	present	past
participles	*surgāndz	*surgadaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *sorgēn, *sorgōn (North Sea Germanic)
  • Old English: sorgian, sorhgian, *sœrgian, *sergian
    • Middle English: sorȝen, serȝhen, sorwen, serwen
      • English: sorrow
      • Scots: sorow, sorrow
  • Old Frisian: sorgia
    • Saterland Frisian: súurgje, sourgje (Strukelje)
    • West Frisian: soargje
  • Old Saxon: sorgōn
    • Middle Low German: sorgen, sörgen
      • German Low German: sörgen
  • Old Dutch: sorgon
    • Middle Dutch: sorgen
      • Dutch: zorgen
        • Afrikaans: sorg
        • Negerhollands: sorg
        • → Aukan: solugu
        • → Papiamentu: sòru
        • → Saramaccan: solúgu
        • → Sranan Tongo: sorgu
          • → Caribbean Javanese: sorgu, nyoru, nyorgoni
          • → Kari'na: sorukuma
      • Limburgish: zórge, zörge
  • Old High German: sorgēn, sworgōn, sorgōn
    • Middle High German: sorgen
      • German: sorgen
        • → Esperanto: zorgi
      • Yiddish: זאָרגן (zorgn)
      • Luxembourgish: suergen
• Old Norse: syrgja
  • Icelandic: syrgja
  • Faroese: syrgja
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: syrgja, sørge
  • Norwegian Bokmål: sørge
  • Swedish: sörja
  • Danish: sørge
• Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌰𐌽 (saurgān)