Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sorgēn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Alternative forms

• *sorgōn (North Sea Germanic)

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *surgāną. Equivalent to *sorgu (“worry, sorrow”) +‎ *-ēn.

Verb

*sorgēn

1. to worry, be sad

Inflection

Class 3 weak
Infinitive	*sorgēn
1st sg. past	*sorg?dā
Infinitive	*sorgēn
Genitive infin.	*sorgēnijas
Dative infin.	*sorgēnijē
Instrum. infin.	*sorgēniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*sorgē	*sorg?dā
2nd singular	*sorgēs	*sorg?dēs, *sorg?dēs
3rd singular	*sorgēþ	*sorg?dē, *sorg?dā
1st plural	*sorgēm	*sorg?dum
2nd plural	*sorgēþ	*sorg?dud
3rd plural	*sorgēnþ	*sorg?dun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*sorgē	*sorg?dī
2nd singular	*sorgēs	*sorg?dī
3rd singular	*sorgē	*sorg?dī
1st plural	*sorgēm	*sorg?dīm
2nd plural	*sorgēþ	*sorg?dīd
3rd plural	*sorgēn	*sorg?dīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*sorgē
Plural	*sorgēþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*sorgēndī	*sorg?d

Derived terms

• *bisorgēn

Descendants

• Old English: sorgian, sorhgian, *sœrgian, *sergian
  • Middle English: sorȝen, serȝhen, sorwen, serwen
    • English: sorrow
    • Scots: sorow, sorrow
• Old Frisian: sorgia
  • Saterland Frisian: súurgje, sourgje (Strukelje)
  • West Frisian: soargje
• Old Saxon: sorgōn
  • Middle Low German: sorgen, sörgen
    • German Low German: sörgen
• Old Dutch: sorgon
  • Middle Dutch: sorgen
    • Dutch: zorgen
      • Afrikaans: sorg
      • Negerhollands: sorg
      • → Aukan: solugu
      • → Papiamentu: sòru
      • → Saramaccan: solúgu
      • → Sranan Tongo: sorgu
        • → Caribbean Javanese: sorgu, nyoru, nyorgoni
        • → Kari'na: sorukuma
    • Limburgish: zórge, zörge
• Old High German: sorgēn, sworgōn, sorgōn
  • Middle High German: sorgen
    • German: sorgen
      • → Esperanto: zorgi
    • Yiddish: זאָרגן (zorgn)
    • Luxembourgish: suergen