Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stukōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to beat, push”).

Verb

*stukōną

1. to push, to thrust

Inflection

Conjugation of *stukōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*stukō	*stukǭ	—	*stukōi	?
2nd singular	*stukōsi	*stukōs	*stukō	*stukōsai	*stukōsau
3rd singular	*stukōþi	*stukō	*stukōþau	*stukōþai	*stukōþau
1st dual	*stukōs	*stukōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*stukōþiz	*stukōþiz	*stukōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*stukōmaz	*stukōm	—	*stukōnþai	*stukōnþau
2nd plural	*stukōþ	*stukōþ	*stukōþ	*stukōnþai	*stukōnþau
3rd plural	*stukōnþi	*stukōn	*stukōnþau	*stukōnþai	*stukōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*stukōdǭ	*stukōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*stukōdēz	*stukōdēdīz
3rd singular	*stukōdē	*stukōdēdī
1st dual	*stukōdēdū	*stukōdēdīw
2nd dual	*stukōdēdudiz	*stukōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*stukōdēdum	*stukōdēdīm
2nd plural	*stukōdēdud	*stukōdēdīd
3rd plural	*stukōdēdun	*stukōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*stukōndz	*stukōdaz

Related terms

• *stukjaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *stokōn
  • >? Old English: *stocian
    • Middle English: stoken (possibly a borrowing)
      • English: stoke
  • Old Saxon: *stokon
    • Middle Low German: stōken, stȫken, stöcken
      • ⇒ German Low German: stökeln; stökern
  • Old Dutch: *stokon
    • Middle Dutch: stōken
      • Dutch: stoken
        • Afrikaans: stook
      • → Old French: estoquer; estochier
        • Middle French: estoquer
          • French: estoquer
          • Spanish: estoquear
  • >? Old High German: *stohhōn
    • >? Middle High German: *stochen
      • German: stochen (since 15th c., possibly from Low German)
        • ⇒ German: stochern
• Old Norse: *stoka
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: stauka