estoquer

French

Etymology

From Middle French estoquer, from Old French estoquer, estochier ("to thrust, strike, stab"; compare Old French estoc (“a rapier”)), probably from Middle Dutch stoken (“to jab, thrust, poke”) or Middle High German stoken (“to jab, pierce”), both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *stukōną (“to be stiff, push, thrust”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teug- (“to beat, push”). More at stoke.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛs.tɔ.ke/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

estoquer

1. to impale

Conjugation

Conjugation of estoquer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	estoquer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	estoquant /ɛs.tɔ.kɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		estoqué /ɛs.tɔ.ke/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	estoque /ɛs.tɔk/	estoques /ɛs.tɔk/	estoque /ɛs.tɔk/	estoquons /ɛs.tɔ.kɔ̃/	estoquez /ɛs.tɔ.ke/	estoquent /ɛs.tɔk/
	imperfect	estoquais /ɛs.tɔ.kɛ/	estoquais /ɛs.tɔ.kɛ/	estoquait /ɛs.tɔ.kɛ/	estoquions /ɛs.tɔ.kjɔ̃/	estoquiez /ɛs.tɔ.kje/	estoquaient /ɛs.tɔ.kɛ/
	past historic2	estoquai /ɛs.tɔ.ke/	estoquas /ɛs.tɔ.ka/	estoqua /ɛs.tɔ.ka/	estoquâmes /ɛs.tɔ.kam/	estoquâtes /ɛs.tɔ.kat/	estoquèrent /ɛs.tɔ.kɛʁ/
	future	estoquerai /ɛs.tɔ.kʁe/	estoqueras /ɛs.tɔ.kʁa/	estoquera /ɛs.tɔ.kʁa/	estoquerons /ɛs.tɔ.kʁɔ̃/	estoquerez /ɛs.tɔ.kʁe/	estoqueront /ɛs.tɔ.kʁɔ̃/
	conditional	estoquerais /ɛs.tɔ.kʁɛ/	estoquerais /ɛs.tɔ.kʁɛ/	estoquerait /ɛs.tɔ.kʁɛ/	estoquerions /ɛs.tɔ.kə.ʁjɔ̃/	estoqueriez /ɛs.tɔ.kə.ʁje/	estoqueraient /ɛs.tɔ.kʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	estoque /ɛs.tɔk/	estoques /ɛs.tɔk/	estoque /ɛs.tɔk/	estoquions /ɛs.tɔ.kjɔ̃/	estoquiez /ɛs.tɔ.kje/	estoquent /ɛs.tɔk/
	imperfect2	estoquasse /ɛs.tɔ.kas/	estoquasses /ɛs.tɔ.kas/	estoquât /ɛs.tɔ.ka/	estoquassions /ɛs.tɔ.ka.sjɔ̃/	estoquassiez /ɛs.tɔ.ka.sje/	estoquassent /ɛs.tɔ.kas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	estoque /ɛs.tɔk/	—	estoquons /ɛs.tɔ.kɔ̃/	estoquez /ɛs.tɔ.ke/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Related terms

• estoc
• estocade

Further reading

• “estoquer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.