Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skuppōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈskup.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

From Pre-Germanic *skubʰnéh₂-, an iterative formation to *skeubaną (“to shove”). Particularly close in formation to Lithuanian skùbinti (“to rush, hurry”).^[1]

Verb

*skuppōną

to shove, push, swing

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *skupp- against non-singular *skub-.

Conjugation of *skuppōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*skuppō	*skuppǭ	—	*skuppōi	?
2nd singular	*skuppōsi	*skuppōs	*skuppō	*skuppōsai	*skuppōsau
3rd singular	*skuppōþi	*skuppō	*skuppōþau	*skuppōþai	*skuppōþau
1st dual	*skuppōs	*skuppōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*skuppōþiz	*skuppōþiz	*skuppōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*skuppōmaz	*skuppōm	—	*skuppōnþai	*skuppōnþau
2nd plural	*skuppōþ	*skuppōþ	*skuppōþ	*skuppōnþai	*skuppōnþau
3rd plural	*skuppōnþi	*skuppōn	*skuppōnþau	*skuppōnþai	*skuppōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skuppōdǭ	*skuppōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*skuppōdēz	*skuppōdēdīz
3rd singular	*skuppōdē	*skuppōdēdī
1st dual	*skuppōdēdū	*skuppōdēdīw
2nd dual	*skuppōdēdudiz	*skuppōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*skuppōdēdum	*skuppōdēdīm
2nd plural	*skuppōdēdud	*skuppōdēdīd
3rd plural	*skuppōdēdun	*skuppōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*skuppōndz	*skuppōdaz

Descendants

Middle Low German: schuppen
Middle Dutch: scuppen, *scoppen
- Dutch: schoppen
  - Afrikaans: skop
Middle High German: schopfen, schupfen, schüpfen; (northern) schoppen, schuppen
- Bavarian: schupfn
- (German: schubsen); schuppen, schupfen (regional)
Old Norse: *skopa
- Icelandic: skopa
- Faroese: skopa
- Norwegian: skubba, skuppa, skopa

Etymology 2

Considered by Kroonen to be a secondary zero-grade iterative to a Proto-Indo-European *skep- (“to mock”), and not equivalent to the "shove" sense of Etymology 1. Probably related to Ancient Greek σκώπτω (skṓptō, “to mock”).^[2]