Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skeubaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

• *skūbaną

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *skewbʰ-, *skūbʰ- (“to push, drive, move forward”), possibly metathesized from *ksewbʰ- (compare Sanskrit क्षुभ् (kṣubh, “to throw, shake, agitate”)). Cognate with Lithuanian skubė́ti (“to hurry, rush”), Polish skubać (“to pull quickly, pluck”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈskeu̯.βɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skeubaną

1. to push, drive

Inflection

Conjugation of *skeubaną (strong class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skeubō	*skeubaų	—	*skeubai	?
2nd singular	*skiubizi	*skeubaiz	*skeub	*skeubazai	*skeubaizau
3rd singular	*skiubidi	*skeubai	*skeubadau	*skeubadai	*skeubaidau
1st dual	*skeubōz	*skeubaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*skeubadiz	*skeubaidiz	*skeubadiz	—	—
1st plural	*skeubamaz	*skeubaim	—	*skeubandai	*skeubaindau
2nd plural	*skiubid	*skeubaid	*skiubid	*skeubandai	*skeubaindau
3rd plural	*skeubandi	*skeubain	*skeubandau	*skeubandai	*skeubaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skaub	*skubį̄
2nd singular	*skauft	*skubīz
3rd singular	*skaub	*skubī
1st dual	*skubū	*skubīw
2nd dual	*skubudiz	*skubīdiz
1st plural	*skubum	*skubīm
2nd plural	*skubud	*skubīd
3rd plural	*skubun	*skubīn
	present	past
participles	*skeubandz	*skubanaz

Related terms

• *skuflō
• *skupjaną

Derived terms

• *skuppōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *skeuban
  • Old English: sċēofan, sċūfan
    • Middle English: schouven, shoven
      • Scots: shuve
      • English: shove
  • (Old Frisian: *skiāva, *skiōua?), skūva
    • Saterland Frisian: schuuwe, skuuwe
    • (West Frisian: sjouwe?), skowe
      • (→ Dutch: sjouwen?)
      • (→ Low German: sjove?)
      • (→ Swedish: sjåa?)
  • Old Saxon: *skiovan, *skūvan
    • Middle Low German: schûven
      • Low German: schuven
      • → Danish: skuffe
      • → Swedish: skuffa
  • Old Dutch: *scūvan
    • Middle Dutch: schuven
      • Dutch: schuiven
        • Afrikaans: skuif, skuiwe
      • Limburgish: sjuve
  • Old High German: sciopan, scioban
    • Middle High German: schieben
      • Alemannic German: schiebe
      • German: schieben
        • → Polish: szybować
• Old Norse: *skjófa, skúfa
  • Icelandic: skúfa
  • Norwegian: skyva, skyve, skuva
    • → Danish: skyve
  • Old Swedish: skiūva, skūva
    • Swedish: skjuva, skuva
  • Danish: skue
• Gothic: *𐍃𐌺𐌹𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌽 (*skiuban) (in 𐌰𐍆𐍃𐌺𐌹𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌽 (afskiuban))