Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skuflō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *skūflō
• *skūblō, *skublō

Etymology

From earlier *skublō, *skūblō. Of uncertain formation. Apparently related to *skeubaną (“to push, shove”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈskuɸ.lɔː/

Noun

*skuflō f

1. shovel

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *skuflō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*skuflō	*skuflôz
vocative	*skuflō	*skuflôz
accusative	*skuflǭ	*skuflōz
genitive	*skuflōz	*skuflǫ̂
dative	*skuflōi	*skuflōmaz
instrumental	*skuflō	*skuflōmiz

Descendants

• Old English: sċobl, sċofl
  • Middle English: schovele, schovel, schowell, schoule, shole
    • Scots: shuffle, schule, shule, shuil
    • English: shovel, shoul, shool (dialectal)
      • → Fiji Hindi: sabbal
      • → Marshallese: jabōļ
• Old Frisian: *skofl, *skūfl
  • Saterland Frisian: Sköifel
  • West Frisian: skoffel, schoffel
• Old Saxon: skūfla
  • Middle Low German: schûfele, schûfle, schuffele, schüffel
    • Low German: Schüffel, Schüfel, Schuffel
    • → Swedish: skyffel
• Old Dutch: *skufla, *skofla
  • Middle Dutch: schuffel, schofel, schoefel
    • Dutch: schoffel
• Old High German: scūbla, scūfla, scūvala
  • Middle High German: schūfele, schūfel
    • German: Schaufel
      • → Polish: szufla
• Old Norse: *skofl (possibly from Low German)
  • Icelandic: skófla
  • Faroese: skupla
  • Norwegian: skuffel, skuffe
  • Old Swedish: skofl
    • Swedish: skovel
  • Danish: skovl