Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skuflō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

Etymology

From earlier *skublō, *skūblō. Of uncertain formation. Apparently related to *skeubaną (“to push, shove”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈskuɸ.lɔː/

Noun

*skuflō f

shovel

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *skuflō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*skuflō	*skuflôz
vocative	*skuflō	*skuflôz
accusative	*skuflǭ	*skuflōz
genitive	*skuflōz	*skuflǫ̂
dative	*skuflōi	*skuflōmaz
instrumental	*skuflō	*skuflōmiz

Descendants

Old English: sċobl, sċofl
- Middle English: schovele, schovel, schowell, schoule, shole
  - Scots: shuffle, schule, shule, shuil
  - English: shovel, shoul, shool (dialectal)
    - → Fiji Hindi: sabbal
    - → Marshallese: jabōļ
Old Frisian: *skofl, *skūfl
- Saterland Frisian: Sköifel
- West Frisian: skoffel, schoffel
Old Saxon: skūfla
- Middle Low German: schûfele, schûfle, schuffele, schüffel
  - Low German: Schüffel, Schüfel, Schuffel
  - → Swedish: skyffel
Old Dutch: *skufla, *skofla
- Middle Dutch: schuffel, schofel, schoefel
  - Dutch: schoffel
Old High German: scūbla, scūfla, scūvala
- Middle High German: schūfele, schūfel
  - German: Schaufel
    - → Polish: szufla
Old Norse: *skofl (possibly from Low German)
- Icelandic: skófla
- Faroese: skupla
- Norwegian: skuffel, skuffe
- Old Swedish: skofl
  - Swedish: skovel
- Danish: skovl