σκώπτω
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]According to Beekes, an unexplained formation that must be recent in the prehistory of Greek. The root may be that of σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “to look about”) or σκάπτω (skáptō, “to dig”), but neither is immediately obvious. Perhaps the verb is related to σκώψ (skṓps, “little horned owl”).[1]
An alternative theory by Kroonen derives the word from a Proto-Indo-European *skep- (“to mock”), and compares Proto-Germanic *skuppōną (“to mock, scoff”),[2] though this is less certain particularly when considering that the Greek is attested rather late.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /skɔ̌ːp.tɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈskop.to/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈskop.to/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈskop.to/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈskop.to/
Verb
[edit]σκώπτω • (skṓptō)
Inflection
[edit] Present: σκώπτω, σκώπτομαι
Imperfect: ἔσκωπτον, ἐσκωπτόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔσκωπτον | ἔσκωπτες | ἔσκωπτε(ν) | ἐσκώπτετον | ἐσκωπτέτην | ἐσκώπτομεν | ἐσκώπτετε | ἔσκωπτον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐσκωπτόμην | ἐσκώπτου | ἐσκώπτετο | ἐσκώπτεσθον | ἐσκωπτέσθην | ἐσκωπτόμεθᾰ | ἐσκώπτεσθε | ἐσκώπτοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | σκώψω | σκώψεις | σκώψει | σκώψετον | σκώψετον | σκώψομεν | σκώψετε | σκώψουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | σκώψοιμῐ | σκώψοις | σκώψοι | σκώψοιτον | σκωψοίτην | σκώψοιμεν | σκώψοιτε | σκώψοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | σκώψομαι | σκώψῃ, σκώψει |
σκώψεται | σκώψεσθον | σκώψεσθον | σκωψόμεθᾰ | σκώψεσθε | σκώψονται | ||||
optative | σκωψοίμην | σκώψοιο | σκώψοιτο | σκώψοισθον | σκωψοίσθην | σκωψοίμεθᾰ | σκώψοισθε | σκώψοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | σκωπήσομαι | σκωπήσῃ | σκωπήσεται | σκωπήσεσθον | σκωπήσεσθον | σκωπησόμεθᾰ | σκωπήσεσθε | σκωπήσονται | ||||
optative | σκωπησοίμην | σκωπήσοιο | σκωπήσοιτο | σκωπήσοισθον | σκωπησοίσθην | σκωπησοίμεθᾰ | σκωπήσοισθε | σκωπήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | σκώψειν | σκώψεσθαι | σκωπήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | σκώψων | σκωψόμενος | σκωπησόμενος | |||||||||
f | σκώψουσᾰ | σκωψομένη | σκωπησομένη | ||||||||||
n | σκῶψον | σκωψόμενον | σκωπησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
[edit]- ἀποσκώπτω (aposkṓptō)
- ἐπῐσκώπτω (epĭskṓptō)
- κᾰτᾰσκώπτω (kătăskṓptō)
- πᾰρᾰσκώπτω (părăskṓptō)
- σκῶμμᾰ (skômmă)
- σκώπτης (skṓptēs)
- σκωπτῐκός (skōptĭkós)
- σκωπτόλης (skōptólēs)
- σκωπτολόγος (skōptológos)
- σκώπτρῐᾱ (skṓptrĭā)
- σκῶψῐς (skôpsĭs)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σκώπτω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1364-5
- ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*skupp/bōn- 2 w.v. 'to mock'”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 450-1
Further reading
[edit]- “σκώπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “σκώπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- σκώπτω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- σκώπτω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011