Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skankijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *skankaz (“askew”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈskɑŋ.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skankijaną

1. to skew, tilt, tip
2. to pour (a drink)

Usage notes

The sense "to give" found in continental West Germanic is a late development that is not attested before the late Middle Ages.

Conjugation

Conjugation of *skankijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skankijō	*skankijaų	—	*skankijai	?
2nd singular	*skankīsi	*skankijais	*skankī	*skankijasai	*skankijaisau
3rd singular	*skankīþi	*skankijai	*skankijaþau	*skankijaþai	*skankijaiþau
1st dual	*skankijōs	*skankijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*skankijaþiz	*skankijaiþiz	*skankijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*skankijamaz	*skankijaim	—	*skankijanþai	*skankijainþau
2nd plural	*skankīþ	*skankijaiþ	*skankīþ	*skankijanþai	*skankijainþau
3rd plural	*skankijanþi	*skankijain	*skankijanþau	*skankijanþai	*skankijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skankidǭ	*skankidēdį̄
2nd singular	*skankidēz	*skankidēdīz
3rd singular	*skankidē	*skankidēdī
1st dual	*skankidēdū	*skankidēdīw
2nd dual	*skankidēdudiz	*skankidēdīdiz
1st plural	*skankidēdum	*skankidēdīm
2nd plural	*skankidēdud	*skankidēdīd
3rd plural	*skankidēdun	*skankidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*skankijandz	*skankidaz

Derived terms

• *skankijô (“one who pours/serves drinks”)

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *skankijan
  • Old English: sċenċan
    • Middle English: schenken, schenchen
      • English: shink, skink
      • Scots: skink
  • Old Frisian: skenka
    • Saterland Frisian: schoanke, skoanke
    • West Frisian: skinke
  • Old Saxon: skenkian
    • Middle Low German: schenken
      • German Low German: schenken
      • Plautdietsch: schenkjen
      • → Old Norse: skenkja (“to pour (drink)”)
        • Icelandic: skenkja (“to pour (drink); to give”)
        • Faroese: skeinkja (“to pour (drink); to serve wine; to give”)
        • Norwegian Nynorsk: skjenkja, skjenkje, skjenka, skjenke (“to pour (drink); to serve (alcohol); to bestow”)
        • Norwegian Bokmål: skjenke
      • → Old Swedish: skænkia
        • Swedish: skänka
        • → Elfdalian: stşaintşa
      • → Old Danish: skænkæ
        • Danish: skænke
      • → Gutnish: skänke, skänk', skänka
  • Old Dutch: skenken
    • Middle Dutch: schenken
      • Dutch: schenken
  • Old High German: scenken
    • Middle High German: schenken
      • German: schenken
      • Hunsrik: schenke
      • Yiddish: שענקען (shenken)
• Old Norse: skekkja (“to skew; displace”)
  • Icelandic: skekkja (“to skew; (poetic) to pour (drink)”)