Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nemaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *ném-e (“to allocate”). The meaning developed from the middle voice “to allocate to oneself”.^[1] Kroonen however follows an alternative derivation of Kortlandt's from *h₁em- (“to take, distribute”), with the initial *n- rebracketed from the perfective prefix *ga- (derived from nasal-final Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm).^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈne.mɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*nemaną^[2]^[3]^[4]

to take

Inflection

Conjugation of *nemaną (strong class 4)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*nemō	*nemaų	—	*nemai	?
2nd singular	*nimizi	*nemaiz	*nem	*nemazai	*nemaizau
3rd singular	*nimidi	*nemai	*nemadau	*nemadai	*nemaidau
1st dual	*nemōz	*nemaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*nemadiz	*nemaidiz	*nemadiz	—	—
1st plural	*nemamaz	*nemaim	—	*nemandai	*nemaindau
2nd plural	*nimid	*nemaid	*nimid	*nemandai	*nemaindau
3rd plural	*nemandi	*nemain	*nemandau	*nemandai	*nemaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*nam	*nēmį̄
2nd singular	*namt	*nēmīz
3rd singular	*nam	*nēmī
1st dual	*nēmū	*nēmīw
2nd dual	*nēmudiz	*nēmīdiz
1st plural	*nēmum	*nēmīm
2nd plural	*nēmud	*nēmīd
3rd plural	*nēmun	*nēmīn

	present	past
participles	*nemandz	*numanaz

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *neman
- Old English: niman
  - Middle English: nimen, nymen
    - English: nim; numb (from past participle)
    - Scots: nim
- Old Frisian: nima, nema
  - North Frisian:
    Föhr-Amrum: nem
    Mooring: naame
  - Saterland Frisian: níeme
  - West Frisian: nimme
- Old Saxon: niman, neman
  - Middle Low German: nemen
    - Low German: nehmen
- Old Dutch: neman
  - Middle Dutch: nēmen
    - Dutch: nemen
      - Afrikaans: neem
      - Jersey Dutch: nême
      - Negerhollands: neem
      - Skepi Creole Dutch: nemek, name
    - Limburgish: naeme, nömme
- Old High German: neman
  - Middle High German: nëmen
    - Alemannic German: nää, nee, nèè, nä, në
    - Central Franconian: nemme
      Hunsrik: nemme
    - Cimbrian: nemmen
    - German: nehmen
    - Rhine Franconian:
      Pennsylvania German: nemme
    - Vilamovian: naoma
    - Yiddish: נעמען (nemen)
Old Norse: nema
- Icelandic: nema
- Faroese: nema
- Norwegian Nynorsk: nema
- Old Swedish: nima
  - Swedish: nimma, (förnimma)
- Scanian: nimma
- Danish: nemme
Gothic: 𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 (niman)

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 453
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*neman-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 387
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*nemanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 284
^ Seebold, Elmar (1970) “NEM-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 357

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 453

[Kroonen-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*neman-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 387

[Orel-3] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*nemanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 284

[Seebold-4] Seebold, Elmar (1970) “NEM-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 357

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