Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/nem-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology 1

Possibly related to *h₁em- (“to take, to distribute”).

Root

*nem-

1. to distribute
2. to give, to take

Alternative reconstructions

• *nemh₁-

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *nem- (25 c, 0 e)

• *ném-e-ti (thematic root present)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nemtei
    • Latvian: ņemt (“take”)
  • Proto-Germanic: *nemaną (“take”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *némō
    • Ancient Greek: νέμω (némō, “dispense, distribute”)
• *nom-éh₂
  • Proto-Hellenic: *nomā́
    • Ancient Greek: νομή (nomḗ, “pasture”)
• *ném-es-o-s
  • Proto-Italic: *nomezos
    • Latin: numerus (see there for further descendants)
• *nem-es-eh₂
  • Proto-Hellenic: *nemehā
    • Ancient Greek: Νεμέα (Neméa)
• *nóm-o-s
  • Proto-Hellenic: *nómos
    • Ancient Greek: νόμος (nómos, “custom, law”)
• *nom-ó-s
  • Proto-Hellenic: *nomós
    • Ancient Greek: νομός (nomós, “pasture, habitation, province”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *námas
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *námas
      • Sanskrit: नम (náma, “pasture-ground”)
• *ném-tis ~ *nm̥-téys
  • Proto-Germanic: *numþiz (see there for further descendants)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Albanian:
    • Proto-Albanian: *namā
      • Albanian: nëmë
    • Proto-Albanian: *nemska
      • Albanian: njeh
  • >? Proto-Celtic: *neman (< *nem-mn̥ with degemination}}
    • Old Irish: neim (“poison”)
      • Irish: nimh
      • Manx: nieu
      • Scottish Gaelic: nimh
  • Proto-Celtic: *nemetom (see there for further descendants)
  • >? Proto-Celtic: *nantos (<^? *nm̥-tos) (see there for further descendants)
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: Νέμεσις (Némesis, “Nemesis, goddess of retribution”)

Etymology 2

From Etymology 1, with semantic shift "to distribute" > "to worship, sacrifice" > "to bend".

Root

*nem-

1. to bend

Derived terms

• *ném-e-ti (thematic root present)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *námati (“to bow”) (see there for further descendants)
• *nḗm-s-t ~ *ném-s-n̥t (s-aorist)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
      • Vedic Sanskrit: अनान् (anān)
• *ne-nóm-e ~ *ne-nm-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
      • Vedic Sanskrit: नानाम (nānāma)
• *nom-éye-ti (éye-causative)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nāmáyati
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: नमयति (namayati) (with analogical shortening of root vowel)
    • Proto-Iranian:
      • Avestan: 𐬥𐬁𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (nāmaiieⁱti)
• *ném-os ~ *ném-es-os (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    • Sanskrit: नम् (nam)