Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nanþijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *ninþaną (“to dare”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnɑn.θi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*nanþijaną

1. to dare

Inflection

Conjugation of *nanþijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*nanþijō	*nanþijaų	—	*nanþijai	?
2nd singular	*nanþīsi	*nanþijais	*nanþī	*nanþijasai	*nanþijaisau
3rd singular	*nanþīþi	*nanþijai	*nanþijaþau	*nanþijaþai	*nanþijaiþau
1st dual	*nanþijōs	*nanþijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*nanþijaþiz	*nanþijaiþiz	*nanþijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*nanþijamaz	*nanþijaim	—	*nanþijanþai	*nanþijainþau
2nd plural	*nanþīþ	*nanþijaiþ	*nanþīþ	*nanþijanþai	*nanþijainþau
3rd plural	*nanþijanþi	*nanþijain	*nanþijanþau	*nanþijanþai	*nanþijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*nanþidǭ	*nanþidēdį̄
2nd singular	*nanþidēz	*nanþidēdīz
3rd singular	*nanþidē	*nanþidēdī
1st dual	*nanþidēdū	*nanþidēdīw
2nd dual	*nanþidēdudiz	*nanþidēdīdiz
1st plural	*nanþidēdum	*nanþidēdīm
2nd plural	*nanþidēdud	*nanþidēdīd
3rd plural	*nanþidēdun	*nanþidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*nanþijandz	*nanþidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *nanþijan
  • Old English: nēþan
  • Old Frisian: nētha
  • Old Saxon: nāthian
    • Middle Low German: nêden
  • Old Dutch: nenden
    • Middle Dutch: nenden
  • Old High German: nenden
    • Middle High German: nenden
• Old Norse: nenna
• Gothic: *𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽
  • Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (anananþjan)
  • Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gananþjan)

Further reading

• Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 383