𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +‎ *𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*nanþjan), from Proto-Germanic *nanþijaną (“to dare”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡaˈnanθjan/

Verb

𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (gananþjan)

1. to finish, stop, cease
   • Luke 5:4:

     𐌱𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌷 𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃, 𐌵𐌰𐌸 𐌳𐌿 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌼𐍉𐌽𐌰𐌿: 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌹𐌸𐌰, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐍄𐌷𐌰𐌷𐌹𐌳 𐌸𐍉 𐌽𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌰 𐌳𐌿 𐍆𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍉𐌽.

     biþēh þan gananþida rōdjands, qaþ du seimōnau: brigg ana diupiþa, jah athahid þō natja izwara du fiskōn.

     Now when he had left speaking, he said unto Simon, Launch out into the deep, and let down your nets for a draught. (KJV)

Usage notes

Because the semantic development of “dare” to “finish” is difficult to explain, some editors have emended the attested form 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌰 (gananþida) to 𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰 (gaandida), an otherwise unattested verb that would be descended from Proto-Germanic *andijōną (“to end, finish”).

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 gananþjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰 gananþja	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌰 gananþida	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 gananþjada
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍃 gananþeis	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 gananþidēs	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 gananþjaza
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌸 gananþeiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌰 gananþida	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 gananþjada
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐍉𐍃 gananþjōs	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 gananþidēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 gananþjats	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 gananþidēduts	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌼 gananþjam	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 gananþidēdum	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gananþjanda
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌸 gananþeiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 gananþidēduþ	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gananþjanda
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 gananþjand	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 gananþidēdun	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gananþjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌿 gananþjau	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 gananþidēdjau	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gananþjaidau
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 gananþjais	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 gananþidēdeis	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 gananþjaizau
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹 gananþjai	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 gananþidēdi	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gananþjaidau
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 gananþjaiwa	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 gananþidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 gananþjaits	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 gananþidēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 gananþjaima	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 gananþidēdeima	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gananþjaindau
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 gananþjaiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 gananþidēdeiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gananþjaindau
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 gananþjaina	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 gananþidēdeina	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gananþjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌹 gananþei
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 gananþjadau
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 gananþjats
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌸 gananþeiþ
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gananþjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 gananþjands	𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌸𐍃 gananþiþs

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 98