Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnaigijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *hnaiwijaną

Etymology

From *hnīganą (“to bow”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxnɑi̯.ɣi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hnaigijaną

1. to make bow

Inflection

Conjugation of *hnaigijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hnaigijō	*hnaigijaų	—	*hnaigijai	?
2nd singular	*hnaigīsi	*hnaigijais	*hnaigī	*hnaigijasai	*hnaigijaisau
3rd singular	*hnaigīþi	*hnaigijai	*hnaigijaþau	*hnaigijaþai	*hnaigijaiþau
1st dual	*hnaigijōs	*hnaigijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hnaigijaþiz	*hnaigijaiþiz	*hnaigijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hnaigijamaz	*hnaigijaim	—	*hnaigijanþai	*hnaigijainþau
2nd plural	*hnaigīþ	*hnaigijaiþ	*hnaigīþ	*hnaigijanþai	*hnaigijainþau
3rd plural	*hnaigijanþi	*hnaigijain	*hnaigijanþau	*hnaigijanþai	*hnaigijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hnaigidǭ	*hnaigidēdį̄
2nd singular	*hnaigidēz	*hnaigidēdīz
3rd singular	*hnaigidē	*hnaigidēdī
1st dual	*hnaigidēdū	*hnaigidēdīw
2nd dual	*hnaigidēdudiz	*hnaigidēdīdiz
1st plural	*hnaigidēdum	*hnaigidēdīm
2nd plural	*hnaigidēdud	*hnaigidēdīd
3rd plural	*hnaigidēdun	*hnaigidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*hnaigijandz	*hnaigidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hnaigijan
  • Old English: hnǣġan
    • Middle English: neighen, neyen, neȝen, neiȝen
      • English: neigh
      • Scots: neche, nech, neich
  • Old Saxon: *hnēgian
    • Middle Low German: nēgen
    • ⇒ Old Saxon: gihnēgian
  • Old Dutch: neigen
    • Middle Dutch: neigen
      • Dutch: neigen
      • Limburgish: neige, nèège
  • Old High German: neigen, hneigen
    • Middle High German: neigen
      • German: neigen
• Old Norse: hneigja
  • Icelandic: hneigja
• Gothic: 𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (hnaiwjan)