𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hnaiwijaną, variant form of *hnaigijaną, or from 𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐍃 (hnaiws) +‎ -𐌾𐌰𐌽 (-jan).

Verb

𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (hnaiwjan)

1. to lower
2. to abase

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 hnaiwjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰 hnaiwja	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌰 hnaiwida	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 hnaiwjada
2nd singular	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 hnaiweis	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 hnaiwidēs	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 hnaiwjaza
3rd singular	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌸 hnaiweiþ	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌰 hnaiwida	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 hnaiwjada
1st dual	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐍉𐍃 hnaiwjōs	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 hnaiwidēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 hnaiwjats	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 hnaiwidēduts	—
1st plural	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌼 hnaiwjam	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 hnaiwidēdum	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 hnaiwjanda
2nd plural	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌸 hnaiweiþ	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 hnaiwidēduþ	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 hnaiwjanda
3rd plural	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 hnaiwjand	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 hnaiwidēdun	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 hnaiwjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌿 hnaiwjau	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 hnaiwidēdjau	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 hnaiwjaidau
2nd singular	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 hnaiwjais	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 hnaiwidēdeis	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 hnaiwjaizau
3rd singular	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹 hnaiwjai	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 hnaiwidēdi	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 hnaiwjaidau
1st dual	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 hnaiwjaiwa	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 hnaiwidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 hnaiwjaits	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 hnaiwidēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 hnaiwjaima	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 hnaiwidēdeima	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 hnaiwjaindau
2nd plural	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 hnaiwjaiþ	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 hnaiwidēdeiþ	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 hnaiwjaindau
3rd plural	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 hnaiwjaina	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 hnaiwidēdeina	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 hnaiwjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌴𐌹 hnaiwei
3rd singular	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 hnaiwjadau
2nd dual	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 hnaiwjats
2nd plural	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌸 hnaiweiþ
3rd plural	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 hnaiwjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 hnaiwjands	𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌸𐍃 hnaiwiþs

Derived terms

• 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (anahnaiwjan)
• 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gahnaiwjan)
• 𐌿𐍆𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ufhnaiwjan)
• 𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (hnaiweins, “lowliness, abasement, humility”)

Related terms

• 𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐍃 (hnaiws)