𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +‎ 𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (hnaiwjan).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡaˈhnɛːwjan/

Verb

𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (gahnaiwjan) (perfective)

1. to lower, abase, humiliate

For quotations using this term, see Citations:𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽.

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 gahnaiwjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰 gahnaiwja	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌰 gahnaiwida	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 gahnaiwjada
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 gahnaiweis	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 gahnaiwidēs	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 gahnaiwjaza
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌸 gahnaiweiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌰 gahnaiwida	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 gahnaiwjada
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐍉𐍃 gahnaiwjōs	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 gahnaiwidēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 gahnaiwjats	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 gahnaiwidēduts	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌼 gahnaiwjam	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 gahnaiwidēdum	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gahnaiwjanda
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌸 gahnaiweiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 gahnaiwidēduþ	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gahnaiwjanda
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 gahnaiwjand	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 gahnaiwidēdun	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gahnaiwjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌿 gahnaiwjau	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 gahnaiwidēdjau	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gahnaiwjaidau
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 gahnaiwjais	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 gahnaiwidēdeis	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 gahnaiwjaizau
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹 gahnaiwjai	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 gahnaiwidēdi	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gahnaiwjaidau
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 gahnaiwjaiwa	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 gahnaiwidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 gahnaiwjaits	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 gahnaiwidēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 gahnaiwjaima	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 gahnaiwidēdeima	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gahnaiwjaindau
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 gahnaiwjaiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 gahnaiwidēdeiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gahnaiwjaindau
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 gahnaiwjaina	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 gahnaiwidēdeina	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gahnaiwjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌴𐌹 gahnaiwei
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 gahnaiwjadau
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 gahnaiwjats
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌸 gahnaiweiþ
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gahnaiwjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 gahnaiwjands	𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌸𐍃 gahnaiwiþs

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 59