Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlainijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Causative of *hlināną (“to lean”), which is a stative of an old nasal present from Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to lean”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxlɑi̯.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hlainijaną

1. (transitive) to lean, cause to lean

Inflection

Conjugation of *hlainijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hlainijō	*hlainijaų	—	*hlainijai	?
2nd singular	*hlainīsi	*hlainijais	*hlainī	*hlainijasai	*hlainijaisau
3rd singular	*hlainīþi	*hlainijai	*hlainijaþau	*hlainijaþai	*hlainijaiþau
1st dual	*hlainijōs	*hlainijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hlainijaþiz	*hlainijaiþiz	*hlainijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hlainijamaz	*hlainijaim	—	*hlainijanþai	*hlainijainþau
2nd plural	*hlainīþ	*hlainijaiþ	*hlainīþ	*hlainijanþai	*hlainijainþau
3rd plural	*hlainijanþi	*hlainijain	*hlainijanþau	*hlainijanþai	*hlainijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hlainidǭ	*hlainidēdį̄
2nd singular	*hlainidēz	*hlainidēdīz
3rd singular	*hlainidē	*hlainidēdī
1st dual	*hlainidēdū	*hlainidēdīw
2nd dual	*hlainidēdudiz	*hlainidēdīdiz
1st plural	*hlainidēdum	*hlainidēdīm
2nd plural	*hlainidēdud	*hlainidēdīd
3rd plural	*hlainidēdun	*hlainidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*hlainijandz	*hlainidaz

Derived terms

• *hlainisōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hlainijan
  • Old English: hlǣnan
    • Middle English: lenen
      • Scots: lene, leyn
      • English: lean
  • Old Saxon: *hlēnian
    • Middle Low German: lênen, lȫnen
      • German Low German: lehnen
  • Old Dutch: lēnen
    • Middle Dutch: lênen, leinen
      • Dutch: leunen
  • Old High German: hleinen
    • Middle High German: leinen
      • German: leinen, lehnen
• Old Norse: *hleina
  • Danish: læne
  • Swedish: läna