lehnen
German
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From a merger of two interrelated verbs:.
- Middle High German linen, lenen, from Old High German hlinēn, from Proto-West Germanic *hlinēn, from Proto-Germanic *hlināną
- Middle High German leinen, from Old High German hleinen, from Proto-West Germanic *hlainijan, from Proto-Germanic *hlainijaną, a causative of the former.
The merger occurred in Central and Low German dialects, in which -ei- and open-syllable -i-, -e- all become > -ē- (Middle Low German lēnen). Some Upper German dialects retain a distinction between transitive and intransitive forms to this day. Cognate with Dutch leunen, English lean.
Verb
[edit]lehnen (weak, third-person singular present lehnt, past tense lehnte, past participle gelehnt, auxiliary haben)
- (intransitive or reflexive) to lean
- (transitive) to lean something
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | lehnen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | lehnend | ||||
past participle | gelehnt | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich lehne | wir lehnen | i | ich lehne | wir lehnen |
du lehnst | ihr lehnt | du lehnest | ihr lehnet | ||
er lehnt | sie lehnen | er lehne | sie lehnen | ||
preterite | ich lehnte | wir lehnten | ii | ich lehnte1 | wir lehnten1 |
du lehntest | ihr lehntet | du lehntest1 | ihr lehntet1 | ||
er lehnte | sie lehnten | er lehnte1 | sie lehnten1 | ||
imperative | lehn (du) lehne (du) |
lehnt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Old High German lēhanōn. Cognate with Dutch lenen, English lend.
Verb
[edit]lehnen (weak, third-person singular present lehnt, past tense lehnte, past participle gelehnt, auxiliary haben)
Usage notes
[edit]- The derivative entlehnen remains common in the specific sense of “to borrow a word, idea, cultural concept/object”. In the same context also the stem lehn- in compounds (see below).
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | lehnen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | lehnend | ||||
past participle | gelehnt | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich lehne | wir lehnen | i | ich lehne | wir lehnen |
du lehnst | ihr lehnt | du lehnest | ihr lehnet | ||
er lehnt | sie lehnen | er lehne | sie lehnen | ||
preterite | ich lehnte | wir lehnten | ii | ich lehnte1 | wir lehnten1 |
du lehntest | ihr lehntet | du lehntest1 | ihr lehntet1 | ||
er lehnte | sie lehnten | er lehnte1 | sie lehnten1 | ||
imperative | lehn (du) lehne (du) |
lehnt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “lehnen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “lehnen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “lehnen” in OpenThesaurus.de
- “lehnen, (anlehnen, stützen)” in Duden online
- “lehnen, (übertragen, verleihen)” in Duden online
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German terms with homophones
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Middle Low German
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German weak verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German intransitive verbs
- German reflexive verbs
- German transitive verbs
- German terms with archaic senses