Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/handulōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

• *handlōną

Etymology

From *handuz (“hand”) +‎ *-lōną (frequentive suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɑnd.lɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*handulōną

1. to take or hold in the hand, seize, grip

Inflection

Conjugation of *handlōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*handlō	*handlǭ	—	*handlōi	?
2nd singular	*handlōsi	*handlōs	*handlō	*handlōsai	*handlōsau
3rd singular	*handlōþi	*handlō	*handlōþau	*handlōþai	*handlōþau
1st dual	*handlōs	*handlōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*handlōþiz	*handlōþiz	*handlōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*handlōmaz	*handlōm	—	*handlōnþai	*handlōnþau
2nd plural	*handlōþ	*handlōþ	*handlōþ	*handlōnþai	*handlōnþau
3rd plural	*handlōnþi	*handlōn	*handlōnþau	*handlōnþai	*handlōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*handlōdǭ	*handlōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*handlōdēz	*handlōdēdīz
3rd singular	*handlōdē	*handlōdēdī
1st dual	*handlōdēdū	*handlōdēdīw
2nd dual	*handlōdēdudiz	*handlōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*handlōdēdum	*handlōdēdīm
2nd plural	*handlōdēdud	*handlōdēdīd
3rd plural	*handlōdēdun	*handlōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*handlōndz	*handlōdaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *handulōn
  • Old English: handlian
    • Middle English: handlen
      • Scots: handil
      • English: handle
        • → Dutch: handelen
        • → German: händeln, handeln
  • Old Frisian: handelia, hondelia
    • Saterland Frisian: hondelje
    • West Frisian: handelje, hannelje
  • Old Saxon: handlōn
    • Middle Low German: handelen
      • German Low German: handeln, hanneln
      • Plautdietsch: hendlen
  • Old Dutch: *handalon
    • Middle Dutch: handelen
      • Dutch: handelen
        • Afrikaans: handel
        • Negerhollands: handel
        • → Caribbean Javanese: andel
      • Limburgish: hanjele
  • Old High German: hantalōn
    • Middle High German: handeln
      • German: handeln
        • → Luxembourgish: handelen
      • Yiddish: האַנדלען (handlen)
• Old Norse: handla, hǫndla
  • Icelandic: höndla
  • Norn: hanjdla
  • Faroese: handla
  • Norwegian: handle
  • Old Swedish: handla
    • Swedish: handla
  • Danish: handle