Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/handulōn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *handulōną.

Verb

*handulōn

1. to handle

Inflection

Class 2 weak
Infinitive	*handulōn
1st sg. past	*handulōdā
Infinitive	*handulōn
Genitive infin.	*handulōnijas
Dative infin.	*handulōnijē
Instrum. infin.	*handulōniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*handulō	*handulōdā
2nd singular	*handulōs	*handulōdēs, *handulōdōs
3rd singular	*handulōþ	*handulōdē, *handulōdā
1st plural	*handulōm	*handulōdum
2nd plural	*handulōþ	*handulōdud
3rd plural	*handulōnþ	*handulōdun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*handulō	*handulōdī
2nd singular	*handulōs	*handulōdī
3rd singular	*handulō	*handulōdī
1st plural	*handulōm	*handulōdīm
2nd plural	*handulōþ	*handulōdīd
3rd plural	*handulōn	*handulōdīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*handulō
Plural	*handulōþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*handulōndī	*handulōd

Derived terms

• *handulungu

Descendants

• Old English: handlian
  • Middle English: handlen
    • Scots: handil
    • English: handle
      • → Dutch: handelen
      • → German: händeln, handeln
• Old Frisian: handelia, hondelia
  • Saterland Frisian: hondelje
  • West Frisian: handelje, hannelje
• Old Saxon: handlōn
  • Middle Low German: handelen
    • German Low German: handeln, hanneln
    • Plautdietsch: hendlen
• Old Dutch: *handalon
  • Middle Dutch: handelen
    • Dutch: handelen
      • Afrikaans: handel
      • Negerhollands: handel
      • → Caribbean Javanese: andel
    • Limburgish: hanjele
• Old High German: hantalōn
  • Middle High German: handeln
    • German: handeln
      • → Luxembourgish: handelen
    • Yiddish: האַנדלען (handlen)