Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-lōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-lɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*-lōną

1. frequentative verbal suffix; indicating repetition

Inflection

Conjugation of *-lōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*-lō	*-lǭ	—	*-lōi	?
2nd singular	*-lōsi	*-lōs	*-lō	*-lōsai	*-lōsau
3rd singular	*-lōþi	*-lō	*-lōþau	*-lōþai	*-lōþau
1st dual	*-lōs	*-lōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*-lōþiz	*-lōþiz	*-lōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*-lōmaz	*-lōm	—	*-lōnþai	*-lōnþau
2nd plural	*-lōþ	*-lōþ	*-lōþ	*-lōnþai	*-lōnþau
3rd plural	*-lōnþi	*-lōn	*-lōnþau	*-lōnþai	*-lōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*-lōdǭ	*-lōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*-lōdēz	*-lōdēdīz
3rd singular	*-lōdē	*-lōdēdī
1st dual	*-lōdēdū	*-lōdēdīw
2nd dual	*-lōdēdudiz	*-lōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*-lōdēdum	*-lōdēdīm
2nd plural	*-lōdēdud	*-lōdēdīd
3rd plural	*-lōdēdun	*-lōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*-lōndz	*-lōdaz

Derived terms

Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-lōną

Descendants

• Old English: -lian
  • Middle English: -lien, -len, -elen (merged with all other verbs)
    • English: -le (unproductive)
• Old Frisian: -lia, -lja
  • North Frisian: -je
  • Saterland Frisian: -ele, -elje
  • West Frisian: -je
• Old Saxon: -lōn
  • Middle Low German: -len, -eln
    • Low German: -eln
• Old Dutch: -lon
  • Middle Dutch: -elen (merged with all other verbs)
    • Dutch: -elen
• Old High German: -lōn
  • Middle High German: -eln
    • German: -eln (merged with all other verbs)
• Old Norse: -la
  • Icelandic: -la
  • Faroese: -la
  • Norwegian:
    • Norwegian Bokmål: -le
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: -la
  • Swedish: -la
  • Danish: -le