Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/durzaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰedʰórse.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdur.zɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*durzaną

1. to dare

Inflection

Conjugation of *durzaną (preterite-present)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*dars	*durzį̄	—	—	—
2nd singular	*darst	*durzīz	—	—	—
3rd singular	*dars	*durzī	—	—	—
1st dual	*durzū	*durzīw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*durzudiz	*durzīdiz	—	—	—
1st plural	*durzum	*durzīm	—	—	—
2nd plural	*durzud	*durzīd	—	—	—
3rd plural	*durzun	*durzīn	—	—	—
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*durstǭ	*durstēdį̄
2nd singular	*durstēz	*durstēdīz
3rd singular	*durstē	*durstēdī
1st dual	*durstēdū	*durstēdīw
2nd dual	*durstēdudiz	*durstēdīdiz
1st plural	*durstēdum	*durstēdīm
2nd plural	*durstēdud	*durstēdīd
3rd plural	*durstēdun	*durstēdīn
	present	past
participles	*durzandz	*durstaz

Derived terms

• *gadurzaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *durʀan
  • Old English: durran
    • Middle English: durren
      • Scots: daur
      • English: dare
  • Old Saxon: durran
    • Low German: dören (sometimes merged with dörven, from *þurbaną)
  • Old Dutch: *durran
    • Middle Dutch: dorren, durren
      • Dutch: durven (merged with *þurbaną)
        • Afrikaans: durf
      • Limburgish: derre, dórre
  • Old High German: turran
    • Middle High German: turren
      • Bavarian:
        • Cimbrian: töoran
      • Central Franconian: dusche (semantically identical to dürve)
      • German: thüren, türen (obsolete)
      • Yiddish: טאָרן (torn)