Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drepaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrebʰ- (“to grind; crush; kill”), attested only in Northern PIE (Germanic and Balto-Slavic). Likely cognate with Lithuanian drė̃bti (“to strike”), Latvian drêbt (“to beat”).

Due to the *p, which otherwise points to a dubious PIE *b, Kroonen assumes that ultimately the verb is a back-formation from the iterative Proto-Germanic *drappōną of Proto-Germanic *drabaną (“to hew”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdre.pɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*drepaną

to hit, strike

Inflection

Conjugation of *drepaną (strong class 5)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*drepō	*drepaų	—	*drepai	?
2nd singular	*dripizi	*drepaiz	*drep	*drepazai	*drepaizau
3rd singular	*dripidi	*drepai	*drepadau	*drepadai	*drepaidau
1st dual	*drepōz	*drepaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*drepadiz	*drepaidiz	*drepadiz	—	—
1st plural	*drepamaz	*drepaim	—	*drepandai	*drepaindau
2nd plural	*dripid	*drepaid	*dripid	*drepandai	*drepaindau
3rd plural	*drepandi	*drepain	*drepandau	*drepandai	*drepaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*drap	*drēpį̄
2nd singular	*draft	*drēpīz
3rd singular	*drap	*drēpī
1st dual	*drēpū	*drēpīw
2nd dual	*drēpudiz	*drēpīdiz
1st plural	*drēpum	*drēpīm
2nd plural	*drēpud	*drēpīd
3rd plural	*drēpun	*drēpīn

	present	past
participles	*drepandz	*drepanaz

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *drepan
- Old English: drepan
  - Middle English: drepen, drepe, drep
    - >? English: drib, drub
    - >? Scots: drib, drub
- Old Saxon: drepan
  - Middle Low German: drēpen
    - German Low German: drapen, dropen
    - Low German: drapen, drepen
- Old Dutch: drepan
  - Middle Dutch: drēpen
    - Limburgish: draepe
- Old High German: treffan
  - Middle High German: treffen
    - → Czech: trefit
    - German: treffen
      - → Danish: træffe
      - → Esperanto: trafi
      - → Luxembourgish: treffen
      - → Norwegian Bokmål: treffe
      - → Norwegian Nynorsk: treffe
      - → Polish: trefić
      - → Silesian: trefić
      - → Swedish: träffa
    - → Middle Dutch: treffen
      - Dutch: treffen
        Afrikaans: tref
    - → Polish: trafić
    - → Serbo-Croatian: trefiti
    - → Slovak: trafiť
    - Yiddish: טרעפֿן (trefn)
Old Norse: drepa
- Icelandic: drepa
- Faroese: drepa
- Norwegian Nynorsk: drepe, drepa, dribba (dialectal)
- Old Swedish: dræpa
  - Swedish: dräpa
- Danish: dræbe
  - Norwegian Bokmål: drepe
- Old Gutnish: drepa

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*drepan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 101-2

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*drepan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 101-2

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