Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drepaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Due to the *p, which otherwise points to a dubious Proto-Indo-European *b, Kroonen assumes that ultimately the Germanic verb is a back-formation from the iterative *drappōną of *drabaną (“to hew”), which would be from a root *dʰrebʰ- (“to grind; crush; kill”), elsewhere attested only in Balto-Slavic. Cognate with Lithuanian drė̃bti (“to strike”), Latvian drêbt (“to beat”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdre.pɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*drepaną

1. to hit, strike

Inflection

Conjugation of *drepaną (strong class 5)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*drepō	*drepaų	—	*drepai	?
2nd singular	*dripizi	*drepaiz	*drep	*drepazai	*drepaizau
3rd singular	*dripidi	*drepai	*drepadau	*drepadai	*drepaidau
1st dual	*drepōz	*drepaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*drepadiz	*drepaidiz	*drepadiz	—	—
1st plural	*drepamaz	*drepaim	—	*drepandai	*drepaindau
2nd plural	*dripid	*drepaid	*dripid	*drepandai	*drepaindau
3rd plural	*drepandi	*drepain	*drepandau	*drepandai	*drepaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*drap	*drēpį̄
2nd singular	*draft	*drēpīz
3rd singular	*drap	*drēpī
1st dual	*drēpū	*drēpīw
2nd dual	*drēpudiz	*drēpīdiz
1st plural	*drēpum	*drēpīm
2nd plural	*drēpud	*drēpīd
3rd plural	*drēpun	*drēpīn
	present	past
participles	*drepandz	*drepanaz

Derived terms

• *drepą
• *drēpiz
• *dripiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *drepan
  • Old English: drepan
    • Middle English: drepen, drepe, drep
      • >? English: drib, drub
      • >? Scots: drib, drub
  • Old Saxon: drepan
    • Middle Low German: drēpen
      • German Low German: drapen, dropen
      • Low German: drapen, drepen
  • Old Dutch: drepan
    • Middle Dutch: drēpen
      • Limburgish: draepe
  • Old High German: treffan
    • Middle High German: treffen
      • → Czech: trefit
      • German: treffen
        • → Danish: træffe
        • → Esperanto: trafi
        • → Luxembourgish: treffen
        • → Norwegian Bokmål: treffe
        • → Norwegian Nynorsk: treffe
        • → Polish: trefić
        • → Silesian: trefić
        • → Swedish: träffa
      • → Middle Dutch: treffen
        • Dutch: treffen
          • Afrikaans: tref
      • → Polish: trafić
      • → Serbo-Croatian: trefiti
      • → Slovak: trafiť
      • Yiddish: טרעפֿן (trefn)
• Old Norse: drepa
  • Icelandic: drepa
  • Faroese: drepa
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: drepe, drepa, dribba (dialectal)
  • Old Swedish: dræpa
    • Swedish: dräpa
  • Danish: dræbe
    • Norwegian Bokmål: drepe
  • Old Gutnish: drepa