Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bannaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *bʰh₂-nw-, a zero grade nu-present form of Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”), similar in form to Vedic Sanskrit भनति (bhánati, “idem”). The cluster -nw- seems to have caused gemination; see *kinnuz, *þunnuz for the same development.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɑn.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*bannaną

1. to proclaim, to order
2. to summon
3. to ban

Inflection

Conjugation of *bannaną (strong class 7c)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bannō	*bannaų	—	*bannai	?
2nd singular	*bannizi	*bannaiz	*bann	*bannazai	*bannaizau
3rd singular	*bannidi	*bannai	*bannadau	*bannadai	*bannaidau
1st dual	*bannōz	*bannaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*bannadiz	*bannaidiz	*bannadiz	—	—
1st plural	*bannamaz	*bannaim	—	*bannandai	*bannaindau
2nd plural	*bannid	*bannaid	*bannid	*bannandai	*bannaindau
3rd plural	*bannandi	*bannain	*bannandau	*bannandai	*bannaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*beban(n)	*bebannį̄
2nd singular	*beban(n)t	*bebannīz
3rd singular	*beban(n)	*bebannī
1st dual	*bebannū	*bebannīw
2nd dual	*bebannudiz	*bebannīdiz
1st plural	*bebannum	*bebannīm
2nd plural	*bebannud	*bebannīd
3rd plural	*bebannun	*bebannīn
	present	past
participles	*bannandz	*bannanaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *bannan
  • Old English: bannan
    • Middle English: bannen, bonnen
      • English: ban
      • Scots: ban
  • Old Frisian: banna
    • Saterland Frisian: banne
    • West Frisian: banne
  • Old Saxon: bannan
    • Middle Low German: bannan, *bannen
      • Low German: bannen
  • Old Dutch: *bannan
    • Middle Dutch: bannen
      • Dutch: bannen
        • Afrikaans: ban
        • Negerhollands: bannen
        • → Papiamentu: ban, bant
  • Old High German: pannan, bannan
    • Middle High German: bannen
      • German: bannen
        • → Luxembourgish: bannen
  • → Late Latin: banniō (see there for further descendants)
• Old Norse: banna
  • Icelandic: banna
  • Faroese: banna
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: banna
  • Swedish: banna
  • Danish: bande
    • Norwegian Bokmål: banne
  • → Middle English: banne(n)
    • Scots: ban (“to curse”)