Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ēnu

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*ēnō, *ēnau, *inō
*enu, *ēneu^[1]

Etymology

Dunkel reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *énu (“along, after”) for Gothic and lengthened grade *ḗnu for North and West Germanic.^[2] Kroonen derives Alemannic and Cimbrian from *ēneu and unites this with the forms *ēnu and *enu by positing a Proto-Indo-European u-stem noun *h₂ḗn-u, loc. *h₂n-éw, from *h₂en- (“to scoop”),^[3] which could also explain Ancient Greek ἄνευ (áneu).^[1]

Preposition

*ēnu

(with instrumental) without

Descendants

Old Frisian: ōne, ōni
Old Saxon: āno
- Middle Low German: āne
  - Low German: ahn
Old Dutch: *āna
- Middle Dutch: ane, an, on
  - ⇒ Middle Dutch: ane dancs, ondancs
    - Dutch: ondanks
    - Limburgish: óndanks, óndanx
Old High German: āno, ānu, āna, āne
- Middle High German: âne, ân
  - Alemannic German: ooni, ohni, ouni
  - Bavarian:
    - Cimbrian: ane
  - Central Franconian: ohne, ohni, ohnt
    - Luxembourgish: ouni
  - East Central German: ohne
    - Vilamovian: ona
  - German: ohne
  - Yiddish: אָן (on)
Proto-Norse: *ᚨᚾᚢ (*anu /⁠ānu⁠/)
- Old Norse: án, ón
  - Icelandic: án
  - Faroese: ón
  - → Middle English: *on, on-
    - English: on, ohn
    - Scots: on-, ohn-
Gothic: 𐌹𐌽𐌿 (inu), 𐌹𐌽𐌿𐌷 (inuh)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*ē̆nu-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 241
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 266

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*ē̆nu-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[2] Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 241

[3] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 266

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