Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/windeti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know”), more specifically via a nasal present *wi-né-d-ti ~ *wi-n-d-énti. The preterite in particular is from the unreduplicated stative *wóyd-e ~ *wid-ḗr.

Verb

*windeti

1. to find out
2. (in the preterite) to know

Inflection

Thematic present, suffixless preterite
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*windū	*windemam	?	*wida
2nd singular	*windesi	*windetās	?	*widas?
3rd singular	*windeti	*windeto	?	*wide
1st plural	*windomosi	*windemo	?	*widmo
2nd plural	*windetesi	*windestē	?	*wisse
3rd plural	*windonti	*windento	?	*widars
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*weitsū	?	—
2nd singular	*weitsesi	?	*winde
3rd singular	*weitseti	?	*windetou
1st plural	*weitsomosi	?	*windomos
2nd plural	*weitsetesi	?	*windete
3rd plural	*weitsonti	?	*windontou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*windūr	—	?	*widra
2nd singular	*windetar	—	?	*widras?
3rd singular	*windetor	?	?	*widre
1st plural	*windommor	—	?	?
2nd plural	*windedwe	—	?	?
3rd plural	*windontor	?	?	?
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*weitsūr	—	—
2nd singular	*weitsetar	—	—
3rd singular	*weitsetor	—	—
1st plural	*weitsommor	—	—
2nd plural	*weitsedwe	—	—
3rd plural	*weitsontor	—	—

Declension of the present participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*windonts	*windonte	*windontes
vocative	*windonts	*windonte	*windontes
accusative	*windontam	*windonte	*windontans
genitive	*windantos	*?	*windantom
dative	*windantei	*windantbom	*windantbos
instrumental	*windantī?	*windantbim	*windantbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*windantī	*windantī	*windantiyās
vocative	*windantī	*windantī	*windantiyās
accusative	*windantīm	*windantī	*windantiyans
genitive	*windantyās	*?	*windantyom
dative	*windantyāi	*windantyābom	*windantyābos
instrumental	*?	*windantyābim	*windantyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*windont	*?	*windonta
vocative	*windont	*?	*windonta
accusative	*windont	*?	*windonta
genitive	*windantos	*?	*windantom
dative	*windantei	*?	*windantbos
instrumental	*windantī?	*?	*windantbis

Declension of the middle participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*windomnos	*windomnou	*windomnoi
vocative	*windomne	*windomnou	*windomnoi
accusative	*windomnom	*windomnou	*windomnons
genitive	*windomnī	*windomnous	*windomnom
dative	*windomnūi	*windomnobom	*windomnobos
instrumental	*windomnū	*windomnobim	*windomnobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*windomnā	*windomnai	*windomnās
vocative	*windomnā	*windomnai	*windomnās
accusative	*windomnam	*windomnai	*windomnans
genitive	*windomnās	*windomnous	*windomnom
dative	*windomnai	*windomnābom	*windomnābos
instrumental	*?	*windomnābim	*windomnābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*windomnom	*windomnou	*windomnā
vocative	*windomnom	*windomnou	*windomnā
accusative	*windomnom	*windomnou	*windomnā
genitive	*windomnī	*windomnous	*windomnom
dative	*windomnūi	*windomnobom	*windomnobos
instrumental	*windomnū	*windomnobim	*windomnobis

Declension of the past participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wissos	*wissou	*wissoi
vocative	*wisse	*wissou	*wissoi
accusative	*wissom	*wissou	*wissons
genitive	*wissī	*wissous	*wissom
dative	*wissūi	*wissobom	*wissobos
instrumental	*wissū	*wissobim	*wissobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wissā	*wissai	*wissās
vocative	*wissā	*wissai	*wissās
accusative	*wissam	*wissai	*wissans
genitive	*wissās	*wissous	*wissom
dative	*wissai	*wissābom	*wissābos
instrumental	*?	*wissābim	*wissābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wissom	*wissou	*wissā
vocative	*wissom	*wissou	*wissā
accusative	*wissom	*wissou	*wissā
genitive	*wissī	*wissous	*wissom
dative	*wissūi	*wissobom	*wissobos
instrumental	*wissū	*wissobim	*wissobis

Related terms

• *weideti
• *wissus
• *woidīti

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *gwɨbod (finite forms)
  • Old Breton: gudbut
    • Middle Breton: gouzuout
      • Breton: gouzout
  • Old Cornish: godbod
    • Middle Cornish: godhvos
      • Cornish: godhvos/goffos
  • Middle Welsh: gwybot
    • Welsh: gwybod
• Old Irish: ro·finnadar
  • Middle Irish: finnaid
    • Irish: fionn
  • Irish: feadair (from perfect conjunct ·fitir)