Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/rigeti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *Hreyǵ- (“to bind, stretch”). Due to the semantic distance, the "bind" and "stretch" meanings have been assumed to be different roots, but De Vaan considers them the same root.^[1]

Verb

*rigeti^[2]

(unprefixed) to stretch
Synonym: *regeti
(when prefixed) to bind

Inflection

Thematic present, suffixless preterite
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*rigū	*rigemam	*ririxsū	*riroiga
2nd singular	*rigesi	*rigetās	*ririxsesi	*riroigas?
3rd singular	*rigeti	*rigeto	*ririxseti	*riroige
1st plural	*rigomosi	*rigemo	*ririxsomosi	*riroigmo
2nd plural	*rigetesi	*rigestē	*ririxsetesi	*riroixte
3rd plural	*rigonti	*rigento	*ririxsonti	*riroigars
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*rēxsū	?	—
2nd singular	*rēxsesi	?	*rige
3rd singular	*rēxseti	?	*rigetou
1st plural	*rēxsomosi	?	*rigomos
2nd plural	*rēxsetesi	?	*rigete
3rd plural	*rēxsonti	?	*rigontou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*rigūr	—	*ririxsūr	*riroigra
2nd singular	*rigetar	—	*ririxsetar	*riroigras?
3rd singular	*rigetor	?	*ririxsetor	*riroigre
1st plural	*rigommor	—	*ririxsommor	?
2nd plural	*rigedwe	—	*ririxsedwe	?
3rd plural	*rigontor	?	*ririxsontor	?
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*rēxsūr	—	—
2nd singular	*rēxsetar	—	—
3rd singular	*rēxsetor	—	—
1st plural	*rēxsommor	—	—
2nd plural	*rēxsedwe	—	—
3rd plural	*rēxsontor	—	—

Declension of the present participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rigonts	*rigonte	*rigontes
vocative	*rigonts	*rigonte	*rigontes
accusative	*rigontam	*rigonte	*rigontans
genitive	*rigantos	*?	*rigantom
dative	*rigantei	*rigantbom	*rigantbos
instrumental	*rigantī?	*rigantbim	*rigantbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rigantī	*rigantī	*rigantiyās
vocative	*rigantī	*rigantī	*rigantiyās
accusative	*rigantīm	*rigantī	*rigantiyans
genitive	*rigantyās	*?	*rigantyom
dative	*rigantyāi	*rigantyābom	*rigantyābos
instrumental	*?	*rigantyābim	*rigantyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rigont	*?	*rigonta
vocative	*rigont	*?	*rigonta
accusative	*rigont	*?	*rigonta
genitive	*rigantos	*?	*rigantom
dative	*rigantei	*?	*rigantbos
instrumental	*rigantī?	*?	*rigantbis

Declension of the middle participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rigomnos	*rigomnou	*rigomnoi
vocative	*rigomne	*rigomnou	*rigomnoi
accusative	*rigomnom	*rigomnou	*rigomnons
genitive	*rigomnī	*rigomnous	*rigomnom
dative	*rigomnūi	*rigomnobom	*rigomnobos
instrumental	*rigomnū	*rigomnobim	*rigomnobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rigomnā	*rigomnai	*rigomnās
vocative	*rigomnā	*rigomnai	*rigomnās
accusative	*rigomnam	*rigomnai	*rigomnans
genitive	*rigomnās	*rigomnous	*rigomnom
dative	*rigomnai	*rigomnābom	*rigomnābos
instrumental	*?	*rigomnābim	*rigomnābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rigomnom	*rigomnou	*rigomnā
vocative	*rigomnom	*rigomnou	*rigomnā
accusative	*rigomnom	*rigomnou	*rigomnā
genitive	*rigomnī	*rigomnous	*rigomnom
dative	*rigomnūi	*rigomnobom	*rigomnobos
instrumental	*rigomnū	*rigomnobim	*rigomnobis

Declension of the past participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rixtos	*rixtou	*rixtoi
vocative	*rixte	*rixtou	*rixtoi
accusative	*rixtom	*rixtou	*rixtons
genitive	*rixtī	*rixtous	*rixtom
dative	*rixtūi	*rixtobom	*rixtobos
instrumental	*rixtū	*rixtobim	*rixtobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rixtā	*rixtai	*rixtās
vocative	*rixtā	*rixtai	*rixtās
accusative	*rixtam	*rixtai	*rixtans
genitive	*rixtās	*rixtous	*rixtom
dative	*rixtai	*rixtābom	*rixtābos
instrumental	*?	*rixtābim	*rixtābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rixtom	*rixtou	*rixtā
vocative	*rixtom	*rixtou	*rixtā
accusative	*rixtom	*rixtou	*rixtā
genitive	*rixtī	*rixtous	*rixtom
dative	*rixtūi	*rixtobom	*rixtobos
instrumental	*rixtū	*rixtobim	*rixtobis

Derived terms

*ad-rigeti
*uɸo-rigeti
*dī-rigeti
- Old Irish: do·rig
*kom-rigeti
- Old Irish: con·rig
  - Middle Irish: cuimrigid
    - Irish: cuibhrigh
    - Scottish Gaelic: cuibhrich
*reig-sman > *reixsman
- Proto-Brythonic: *rruɨmm
  - Old Welsh: ruimmein pl
    - Middle Welsh: rwym, ruym
      - Welsh: rhwym
*reig-strom > *reixstrom

Related terms

*reigā
*-reigom
*ringeti (nasal-infix verb)
- Old Irish: ringid (“to tear apart, maim”)

Descendants

Old Irish: rigid
- Middle Irish: rigid

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “rigeō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 523
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*rig-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 311-312

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “rigeō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 523

[2] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*rig-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 311-312

[1]

[2]