Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/uɸorigeti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From *uɸo- (“under-”) +‎ *rigeti (“to bind”).

Verb

*uɸorigeti^[1]^[2]

to hold back, delay

Inflection

Thematic present, suffixless preterite
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*uɸorigū	*uɸorigemam	*uɸoririxsū	*uɸoriroiga
2nd singular	*uɸorigesi	*uɸorigetās	*uɸoririxsesi	*uɸoriroigas?
3rd singular	*uɸorigeti	*uɸorigeto	*uɸoririxseti	*uɸoriroige
1st plural	*uɸorigomosi	*uɸorigemo	*uɸoririxsomosi	*uɸoriroigmo
2nd plural	*uɸorigetesi	*uɸorigestē	*uɸoririxsetesi	*uɸoriroixte
3rd plural	*uɸorigonti	*uɸorigento	*uɸoririxsonti	*uɸoriroigars
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*uɸorēxsū	?	—
2nd singular	*uɸorēxsesi	?	*uɸorige
3rd singular	*uɸorēxseti	?	*uɸorigetou
1st plural	*uɸorēxsomosi	?	*uɸorigomos
2nd plural	*uɸorēxsetesi	?	*uɸorigete
3rd plural	*uɸorēxsonti	?	*uɸorigontou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*uɸorigūr	—	*uɸoririxsūr	*uɸoriroigra
2nd singular	*uɸorigetar	—	*uɸoririxsetar	*uɸoriroigras?
3rd singular	*uɸorigetor	?	*uɸoririxsetor	*uɸoriroigre
1st plural	*uɸorigommor	—	*uɸoririxsommor	?
2nd plural	*uɸorigedwe	—	*uɸoririxsedwe	?
3rd plural	*uɸorigontor	?	*uɸoririxsontor	?
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*uɸorēxsūr	—	—
2nd singular	*uɸorēxsetar	—	—
3rd singular	*uɸorēxsetor	—	—
1st plural	*uɸorēxsommor	—	—
2nd plural	*uɸorēxsedwe	—	—
3rd plural	*uɸorēxsontor	—	—

Declension of the present participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*uɸorigonts	*uɸorigonte	*uɸorigontes
vocative	*uɸorigonts	*uɸorigonte	*uɸorigontes
accusative	*uɸorigontam	*uɸorigonte	*uɸorigontans
genitive	*uɸorigantos	*?	*uɸorigantom
dative	*uɸorigantei	*uɸorigantbom	*uɸorigantbos
instrumental	*uɸorigantī?	*uɸorigantbim	*uɸorigantbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*uɸorigantī	*uɸorigantī	*uɸorigantiyās
vocative	*uɸorigantī	*uɸorigantī	*uɸorigantiyās
accusative	*uɸorigantīm	*uɸorigantī	*uɸorigantiyans
genitive	*uɸorigantyās	*?	*uɸorigantyom
dative	*uɸorigantyāi	*uɸorigantyābom	*uɸorigantyābos
instrumental	*?	*uɸorigantyābim	*uɸorigantyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*uɸorigont	*?	*uɸorigonta
vocative	*uɸorigont	*?	*uɸorigonta
accusative	*uɸorigont	*?	*uɸorigonta
genitive	*uɸorigantos	*?	*uɸorigantom
dative	*uɸorigantei	*?	*uɸorigantbos
instrumental	*uɸorigantī?	*?	*uɸorigantbis

Declension of the middle participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*uɸorigomnos	*uɸorigomnou	*uɸorigomnoi
vocative	*uɸorigomne	*uɸorigomnou	*uɸorigomnoi
accusative	*uɸorigomnom	*uɸorigomnou	*uɸorigomnons
genitive	*uɸorigomnī	*uɸorigomnous	*uɸorigomnom
dative	*uɸorigomnūi	*uɸorigomnobom	*uɸorigomnobos
instrumental	*uɸorigomnū	*uɸorigomnobim	*uɸorigomnobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*uɸorigomnā	*uɸorigomnai	*uɸorigomnās
vocative	*uɸorigomnā	*uɸorigomnai	*uɸorigomnās
accusative	*uɸorigomnam	*uɸorigomnai	*uɸorigomnans
genitive	*uɸorigomnās	*uɸorigomnous	*uɸorigomnom
dative	*uɸorigomnai	*uɸorigomnābom	*uɸorigomnābos
instrumental	*?	*uɸorigomnābim	*uɸorigomnābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*uɸorigomnom	*uɸorigomnou	*uɸorigomnā
vocative	*uɸorigomnom	*uɸorigomnou	*uɸorigomnā
accusative	*uɸorigomnom	*uɸorigomnou	*uɸorigomnā
genitive	*uɸorigomnī	*uɸorigomnous	*uɸorigomnom
dative	*uɸorigomnūi	*uɸorigomnobom	*uɸorigomnobos
instrumental	*uɸorigomnū	*uɸorigomnobim	*uɸorigomnobis

Declension of the past participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*uɸorixtos	*uɸorixtou	*uɸorixtoi
vocative	*uɸorixte	*uɸorixtou	*uɸorixtoi
accusative	*uɸorixtom	*uɸorixtou	*uɸorixtons
genitive	*uɸorixtī	*uɸorixtous	*uɸorixtom
dative	*uɸorixtūi	*uɸorixtobom	*uɸorixtobos
instrumental	*uɸorixtū	*uɸorixtobim	*uɸorixtobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*uɸorixtā	*uɸorixtai	*uɸorixtās
vocative	*uɸorixtā	*uɸorixtai	*uɸorixtās
accusative	*uɸorixtam	*uɸorixtai	*uɸorixtans
genitive	*uɸorixtās	*uɸorixtous	*uɸorixtom
dative	*uɸorixtai	*uɸorixtābom	*uɸorixtābos
instrumental	*?	*uɸorixtābim	*uɸorixtābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*uɸorixtom	*uɸorixtou	*uɸorixtā
vocative	*uɸorixtom	*uɸorixtou	*uɸorixtā
accusative	*uɸorixtom	*uɸorixtou	*uɸorixtā
genitive	*uɸorixtī	*uɸorixtous	*uɸorixtom
dative	*uɸorixtūi	*uɸorixtobom	*uɸorixtobos
instrumental	*uɸorixtū	*uɸorixtobim	*uɸorixtobis

Related terms

*uɸoreigom

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *gwarrɨɣ (deuterotonic), *gwėrɨɣ (“to play”, prototonic)
- Middle Breton: hoari
  - Breton: c'hoari
- Middle Cornish: hwary
- Middle Welsh: gwarwy, gwery
  - Welsh: gwarwy, gwary
Old Irish: fo·rig
- Irish: fuirigh
- Manx: fuirree
- Scottish Gaelic: fuirich

References

^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 543-548
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*rig-o- 'bind'”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 312

[1] Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 543-548

[2] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*rig-o- 'bind'”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 312

[1]

[2]