Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-sman

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥, extended with -s-. Plain *-man also existed but was less common in Celtic. The s-variant also turns up in Italic and in several ancient Hellenic dialects, in addition to occasional appearances in Balto-Slavic.

Suffix

*-sman n

1. Forms action nouns from verbal roots.

   ‎*keng- (“to step”) + ‎*-sman → ‎*kanxsman (“step”)

   ‎*leng- (“to leap”) + ‎*-sman → ‎*lanxsman (“leap”)

   ‎*brag- (“to fart”) + ‎*-sman → ‎*braxsman (“fart”)

Usage notes

This suffix usually takes either the e-grade or zero-grade of the verb root.

Inflection

Neuter n-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*-sman	*-smane?	*-smana
vocative	*-sman	*-smane?	*-smana
accusative	*-sman	*-smane?	*-smana
genitive	*-smens	*-smenous?	*-smenom
dative	*-smenē	*-smembom	*-smembos
locative	*-smen(i)	*?	*?
instrumental	*-smenē	*-smembim	*-smembis

Derived terms

Proto-Celtic terms suffixed with *-sman