Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/līwos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)lih₃-wó-s, from *(s)leh₃y- +‎ *-wós.

Noun

*līwos m^[1]^[2]^[3]

colour

Declension

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*līwos	*līwou	*līwoi
vocative	*līwe	*līwou	*līwoi
accusative	*līwom	*līwou	*līwons
genitive	*līwī	*līwous	*līwom
dative	*līwūi	*līwobom	*līwobos
locative	*līwei	*?	*?
instrumental	*līwū	*līwobim	*līwūis

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *lliw
- Old Breton: liu, liou
  - Middle Breton: liu
    - Breton: liv
- Old Cornish: liu
  - Middle Cornish: lyw
    - Cornish: liw
- Old Welsh: liu
  - Middle Welsh: lliw
    - Welsh: lliw
Old Irish: lí, líi
- Middle Irish: lí
  - Irish: lí
Gaulish: *lios^[4]

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *léh₁u-s ~ *l̥h₁w-és, from *leh₁- (“stone”).^[5] Cognate with Albanian lerë (“boulder”), Ancient Greek λᾶας (lâas, “stone”), Mycenaean Greek 𐀨𐀁𐀊 (ra-e-ja, “stone”) and possibly Old Armenian լեառն (leaṙn, “mountain”).

Noun

*līwos m

stone

Declension

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*līwos	*līwou	*līwoi
vocative	*līwe	*līwou	*līwoi
accusative	*līwom	*līwou	*līwons
genitive	*līwī	*līwous	*līwom
dative	*līwūi	*līwobom	*līwobos
locative	*līwei	*?	*?
instrumental	*līwū	*līwobim	*līwūis

Related terms

*lausā (< *l̥h₁w-éh₂)
- Gaulish: *lausā^[6]
  - → Vulgar Latin: *lausa (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ *lausankā
  - Gaulish: *lausankā^[7]
    - → Vulgar Latin: *lausanga (see there for further descendants)
      - Old French: losenge, loseigne, losinge, lozenge [1160, Eneas] (see there for further descendants)
      - Old French: Lausanne

Derived terms

*līwankas^[5]
- Old Irish: líac
  - → Breton: liac'h^[5]

Descendants

Old Irish: lie

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*liwo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 242
^ Falileyev, Alexander (2000) “liu”, in Etymological Glossary of Old Welsh (Buchreihe der Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie; 18), Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 105
^ Koch, John (2004) “*līwo(s)-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎^[1], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, pages 68-69
^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “liuo- > lio-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 205
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages *līwank-–242
^ Greimas, A.J. (1969) “lose”, in Dictionnaire de l'ancien francais jusq'uau milieu du XIVe siècle (in French), Paris: Larousse, page 374a
^ Alibert, Louis (1965) “lausange”, in Dictionnaire occitan - français : d'après les parlers languedociens (in French), Toulouse: Institut d' Etudes occitanes, →ISBN

[1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*liwo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 242

[2] Falileyev, Alexander (2000) “liu”, in Etymological Glossary of Old Welsh (Buchreihe der Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie; 18), Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 105

[3] Koch, John (2004) “*līwo(s)-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎^[1], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, pages 68-69

[4] Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “liuo- > lio-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 205

[EDPC-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages *līwank-–242

[6] Greimas, A.J. (1969) “lose”, in Dictionnaire de l'ancien francais jusq'uau milieu du XIVe siècle (in French), Paris: Larousse, page 374a

[7] Alibert, Louis (1965) “lausange”, in Dictionnaire occitan - français : d'après les parlers languedociens (in French), Toulouse: Institut d' Etudes occitanes, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

bānos, loukos, *windos	ɸleitos, blāros	*dubus
roudos; dergos	*dusnos	blāwos, melinos
	*glastos
		*gurmos

Proto-Celtic

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Descendants

See also

Etymology 2

Noun

Declension

Related terms

Derived terms

Descendants

References