Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kambos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱh₂embos (“crooked”), probably from the same substrate source as *kh₂em- (“to arch”). Compare Ancient Greek σκαμβός (skambós, “crooked”).

Adjective

*kambos

1. twisted, crooked, bent

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kambos	*kambou	*kamboi
vocative	*kambe	*kambou	*kamboi
accusative	*kambom	*kambou	*kamboms
genitive	*kambī	*kambous	*kambom
dative	*kambūi	*kambobom	*kambobos
instrumental	*kambū	*kambobim	*kambobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kambā	*kambai	*kambās
vocative	*kambā	*kambai	*kambās
accusative	*kambam	*kambai	*kambams
genitive	*kambās	*kambous	*kambom
dative	*kambai	*kambābom	*kambābos
instrumental	*?	*kambābim	*kambābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kambom	*kambou	*kambā
vocative	*kambom	*kambou	*kambā
accusative	*kambom	*kambou	*kambā
genitive	*kambī	*kambous	*kambom
dative	*kambūi	*kambobom	*kambobos
instrumental	*kambū	*kambobim	*kambobis

Declension of the comparative
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kambyūs	*?	*kambyoses
vocative	*kambyūs	*?	*kambyoses
accusative	*kambyosam	*?	*kambyosams
genitive	*kambisos	*?	*kambisom
dative	*kambisei	*?	*kambisbos
instrumental	*kambisī	*?	*kambisbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kambyūs	*?	*kambyoses
vocative	*kambyūs	*?	*kambyoses
accusative	*kambyosam	*?	*kambyosams
genitive	*kambisos	*?	*kambisom
dative	*kambisei	*?	*kambisbos
instrumental	*kambisī	*?	*kambisbis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kambis	*?	*?
vocative	*kambis	*?	*?
accusative	*kambis	*?	*?
genitive	*kambisos	*?	*kambisom
dative	*kambisei	*?	*kambisbos
instrumental	*kambisī	*?	*kambisbis

Derived terms

• *kambitā
• *kambiyom
  • Gaulish: cambion
    • → Latin: cambium (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *kam
  • Old Breton: camm
    • Middle Breton: kamm
      • Breton: kamm
  • Cornish: kamm
  • Old Welsh: cam (“evil, wrong”)
    • Middle Welsh: cam
      • Welsh: cam
        • → English: kam
• Old Irish: camm, cam
  • Irish: cam
  • Manx: cam
  • Scottish Gaelic: cam
• Gaulish: Cambo, Καμβοδουνον
  • → Latin: Campodūnum
    • Medieval Latin: Campidona
      • → Middle High German: Kemptun
        • German: Kempten
  • → Old French: camus
    • Middle French: camus
      • French: camus
      • → Middle English: camus, camuse, cammus, cammuse, camois, camoise, camoyse
        • English: camous, camoys
• Hispano-Celtic:
  • → Asturian: camba; ⇒ cambiella, cambiar, cambéu
  • → Galician: camba; ⇒ canga, cambela, cambar
  • → Portuguese: camba; ⇒ cambo, cambar, canga