DNA
English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˌdiːɛnˈeɪ/
Audio (Southern England): (file) - (General American) IPA(key): /ˌdiˌɛnˈeɪ/
Etymology 1
[edit]The noun is an initialism of deoxyribonucleic acid.[1] The verb is derived from the noun.
Noun
[edit]DNA (countable and uncountable, plural DNAs)
- (biochemistry, genetics) Initialism of deoxyribonucleic acid (“a nucleic acid found in all living things (and some non-living things such as certain viruses) which consists of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix; encoded in its structure are genetic instructions for development, functioning, growth, and reproduction”).
- 1948 March–April, Martin D[avid] Kamen, “Detection of Intermediates, Criteria of Purity”, in Louis H. Roddis, editor, Supplement to the United States Naval Medical Bulletin on Preparation and Measurement of Isotopes and Some of Their Medical Aspects, Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, U.S. Navy; U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 118:
- Among the various fractions isolated was one presumed to contain only desoxyribosenucleic acid (DNA). Because of certain speculations on the role of nucleic acids in protein synthesis it was necessary to measure and compare the rate of phosphate entry into DNA with that in other fractions of yeast phosphate.
- 1953 April 25, J[ames] D[ewey] Watson, F[rancis] H[arry] C[ompton] Crick, “Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid”, in Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science[1], volume 171, number 4356, London: Macmillan and Co.; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-04-03, page 737, column 1:
- We wish to suggest a structure for the salt of deoxyribose nucleic acid (D.N.A.). This structure has novel features which are of considerable biological interest.
- 1968 March 8, Arthur Kornberg (witness), “Statement of Dr. Arthur Kornberg, Professor and Executive Head of the Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif.”, in National Commission on Health Science and Society: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Government Research of the Committee on Government Operations, United States Senate, Ninetieth Congress, Second Session on S.J. Res. 145: A Joint Resolution for the Establishment of the National Commission on Health Science and Society […], Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 40:
- As you know, heredity resides in our genes. Our genes are, in turn, composed of complex molecules called DNA. About 10 years ago we learned how to synthesize DNA in the test tube with the use of a certain cellular catalyst or enzyme. […] During the past year, we have been able to synthesize DNA which has the full genetic activity of natural DNA.
- 1988 August, John W. Hicks, “DNA Profiling: A Tool for Law Enforcement”, in Thomas J. Deakin, editor, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, volume 57, number 8, Washington, D.C.: Federal Bureau of Investigation, United States Department of Justice; Office of Congressional and Public Affairs, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1, column 3:
- Recent breakthroughs in DNA technology are expected to provide investigators with powerful forensic tools to help solve these difficult kinds of cases.
- 2020, Tina M. Henkin, Joseph E. Peters, “Bacterial Genetic Analysis: Fundamentals and Current Approaches”, in Snyder & Champness: Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, 5th edition, Washington, D.C.: ASM Press, →ISBN, page 157, column 1:
- [I]n bacteria, recombination between the DNAs of different organisms usually occurs between a piece of DNA from one strain of a bacterium, called the donor strain, and the entire chromosome of another strain, called the recipient strain.
- (informal, loosely) The part of a living thing that carries genetic information.
- (figuratively) The fundamental nature or values of a person, or an organization or other thing, especially when considered as innate and/or immutable.
- 2003, Kevin [John] Kennedy, Mary Moore, “The Predictable Challenges Faced by Dominant Companies”, in Going the Distance: Why Some Companies Dominate and Others Fail, Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Financial Times Prentice Hall, →ISBN, page 14:
- These ingredients in a company's DNA mean that [the] company will attract and grow leaders with these qualities.
- 2012, Bill McBean, “Fact 1: If You Don’t Lead, No One Will Follow”, in The Facts of Business Life: What Every Successful Business Owner Knows that You Don’t, Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 58:
- The main leadership priority at Level 2 is creating the business's DNA by defining how all the moving parts of the company will work, both independently and together.
- 2022 April 13, Ryan Bort, “The Real Reason Republicans are Loading Their 2022 Campaign Ads with Guns”, in Rolling Stone[2], New York, N.Y.: Penske Media Corporation, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-12-09:
- But this new fixation on guns is […] coming from the hardcore MAGA set, and not only is it likely to stick around beyond the primaries, it's likely hardwired into the DNA of a party now driven by extremism, conspiracy, and a belief that violence is a legitimate tool to achieve desired political outcomes.
- 2022 October, Past Cases Review 2[3], National Safeguarding Steering Group of the Church of England, archived from the original on 2024-06-11, page 4:
- We cannot have a culture that sees safeguarding as a separate add-on. It needs to be part of our DNA, as an expression of our love for one another and our commitment to the Gospel.
Hyponyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]
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Verb
[edit]DNA (third-person singular simple present DNAs, present participle DNAing, simple past and past participle DNAed)
- (transitive) To examine a sample of (someone's) deoxyribonucleic acid.
- 2002, Matthew Stokoe, High Life, New York, N.Y.: Akashic Books, published 2008, →ISBN, page 261:
- The only way we're gonna know is if we DNA him against the spunk in Karen.
- 2004, Michael Sheridan, Death in December: The Story of Sophie Toscan Du Plantier, updated edition, Dublin: O’Brien, →ISBN, page 194:
- The barrister went on to say that his client 'remains persecuted and victimised. He has been DNAed; his hair, his blood and his clothes. Nothing. No charges have ever been brought.'
Translations
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]An initialism of the various terms listed below. The verb sense is derived from noun sense 7.
Proper noun
[edit]DNA
- (US, military, historical) Defense Nuclear Agency, an agency of the United States Department of Defense which existed from 1971 to 1996 and has since been reorganized as the Defense Threat Reduction Agency.
Phrase
[edit]DNA
- Did not answer.
- Did not arrive (used when someone fails to keep an appointment).
- Did not attend.
- Do not assume.
- Does not apply.
- Drugs 'n' alcohol.
- (US, military) Do not arm (that is, do not provide with a firearm).
Verb
[edit]DNA (third-person singular simple present DNAs, present participle DNAing, simple past and past participle DNAed)
- (US, military) To place (someone) under a DNA (do not arm) order because of mental illness.
- 2018, Jeanne Marie Laskas, To Obama, with Love, Joy, Hate and Despair, New York, N.Y.: Random House, →ISBN, page 239:
- She had her weapons back. She wasn't DNA'd anymore. But she didn't use a weapon. That's not how she did it.
Translations
[edit]
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References
[edit]- ^ “DNA, n.”, in OED Online , Oxford: Oxford University Press, September 2022; “DNA, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
Further reading
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Chinese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˋ ㄣ ㄟ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dì-en-ei
- Wade–Giles: ti4-ên1-ei1
- Yale: dì-ēn-ēi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dihenei
- Palladius: диэньэй (dienʹej)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ti⁵¹ ˀən⁵⁵ ˀeɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˋ ㄣ ㄋㄟ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dì-en nei
- Wade–Giles: ti4-ên1 nei1
- Yale: dì-ēn nēi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dihen nhei
- Palladius: диэнь нэй (dienʹ nɛj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ti⁵¹ ˀən⁵⁵ neɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: di1 en1 ei1
- Cantonese Pinyin: di1 en1 ei1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiː⁵⁵ ɛːn⁵⁵ ei̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Noun
[edit]DNA
Dutch
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Noun
[edit]DNA n (plural DNA's)
- Initialism of desoxyribonucleïnezuur (“deoxyribonucleic acid”).
Etymology 2
[edit]Initialism of De Nationale Assemblee (“The National Assembly”).
Proper noun
[edit]DNA f or m
Derived terms
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]DNA
Declension
[edit]
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Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “DNA”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][5] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Anagrams
[edit]French
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]DNA f pl (plural only)
- Initialism of Les Dernières Nouvelles d’Alsace (“Latest News from Alsace, a French periodical”).
Anagrams
[edit]German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from English DNA, from deoxyribonucleic acid. Replacing DNS from the calque Desoxyribonukleinsäure.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]DNA f (genitive DNA, no plural)
- (molecular biology) DNA, Synonym of Desoxyribonukleinsäure
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “DNA” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
Italian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]DNA
Anagrams
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- (genetics, biochemistry) Synonym of デオキシリボ核酸 (deokishiribo-kakusan, “deoxyribonucleic acid”); DNA
See also
[edit]- RNA (āru-enu-ē)
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Noun
[edit]DNA n (definite singular DNA-et, indefinite plural DNA, definite plural DNA-a or DNA-ene)
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Noun
[edit]DNA n (definite singular DNA-et, indefinite plural DNA, definite plural DNA-a)
Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Orthographic borrowing from English DNA.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]DNA m inan or n (indeclinable)
Further reading
[edit]- DNA in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- DNA in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Orthographic borrowing from English DNA.
Noun
[edit]DNA m (plural DNAs)
- Alternative form of ADN
Romanian
[edit]Noun
[edit]DNA n (plural DNA-uri)
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | ||
nominative-accusative | DNA | DNA-ul | DNA-uri | DNA-urile | |
genitive-dative | DNA | DNA-ului | DNA-uri | DNA-urilor | |
vocative | DNA-ule | DNA-urilor |
Spanish
[edit]Noun
[edit]DNA m (plural DNA)
- (biochemistry) DNA
- Synonym: ADN
Further reading
[edit]- “DNA”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
Swahili
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]DNA
Swedish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Noun
[edit]DNA n
- (biochemistry, genetics) DNA
- Synonym: deoxiribonukleinsyra
Declension
[edit]nominative | genitive | ||
---|---|---|---|
singular | indefinite | DNA | DNA:s |
definite | DNA:t | DNA:ts | |
plural | indefinite | — | — |
definite | — | — |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]Tagalog
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from English DNA, an initialism of deoxyribonucleic acid.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˌdi ʔen ˈʔej/ [ˌd̪i ʔɛn̪ ˈʔeɪ̯]
- Rhymes: -ej
Noun
[edit]DNA (Baybayin spelling ᜇ᜔ᜈ)
Further reading
[edit]- “DNA”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Turkish
[edit]Noun
[edit]DNA
- Initialism of deoksiribonükleik asit. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
- English 3-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- English initialisms
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Biochemistry
- en:Genetics
- English terms with quotations
- English informal terms
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- English proper nouns
- American English
- en:Military
- English terms with historical senses
- English phrases
- Chinese terms borrowed from English
- Chinese terms derived from English
- Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms written in foreign scripts
- Cantonese terms with usage examples
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Dutch terms borrowed from English
- Dutch terms derived from English
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -s
- Dutch neuter nouns
- Dutch initialisms
- Dutch proper nouns
- Dutch feminine nouns
- Dutch masculine nouns
- Dutch nouns with multiple genders
- Surinamese Dutch
- nl:Genetics
- Finnish terms borrowed from English
- Finnish terms derived from English
- Finnish 3-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑː
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑː/3 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish maa-type nominals
- Finnish initialisms
- French lemmas
- French proper nouns
- French pluralia tantum
- French feminine nouns
- French initialisms
- German terms borrowed from English
- German terms derived from English
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German nouns
- German uncountable nouns
- German feminine nouns
- de:Molecular biology
- Italian terms borrowed from English
- Italian terms derived from English
- Italian lemmas
- Italian nouns
- Japanese terms borrowed from English
- Japanese terms derived from English
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- ja:Genetics
- ja:Biochemistry
- Japanese terms written in foreign scripts
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål neuter nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk neuter nouns
- Polish terms borrowed from English
- Polish orthographic borrowings from English
- Polish terms derived from English
- Polish 3-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/a
- Rhymes:Polish/a/3 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish indeclinable nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- Polish neuter nouns
- Polish nouns with multiple genders
- pl:Genetics
- pl:Molecular biology
- Polish abbreviations
- Portuguese terms borrowed from English
- Portuguese orthographic borrowings from English
- Portuguese terms derived from English
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese masculine nouns
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns
- Romanian initialisms
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish masculine nouns
- es:Biochemistry
- Swahili terms borrowed from English
- Swahili terms derived from English
- Swahili lemmas
- Swahili proper nouns
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish neuter nouns
- sv:Biochemistry
- sv:Genetics
- Tagalog terms borrowed from English
- Tagalog terms derived from English
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Tagalog/ej
- Rhymes:Tagalog/ej/3 syllables
- Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog nouns
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- tl:Biochemistry
- tl:Genetics
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish nouns
- Turkish initialisms