Appendix:Greenlandic declension
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See also: Appendix:Greenlandic suffixes
Declension of Greenlandic nouns are notoriously complex due to many morphophonological processes. These processes can be explained by Proto-Eskimoic archiphonemes, according to An Introduction to West Greenlandic (version 2.3) by Stian Lubeck from 2022.
However, for simplicity, Finnish-like nominal types would be used here.
Endings
[edit]The following are the standard case endings, accounting to syncretism:
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Absolutive | -∅ | -t |
| Ergative | -p | |
| Instrumental | -mik | -nik |
| Allative | -mut | -nut |
| Ablative | -mit | -nit |
| Locative | -mi | -ni |
| Prolative | -kkut | -tigut |
| Equative | -tut | |
Possessives
[edit]In many cases, singular and plurals are indistinguishable (or syncretized). The equative case only distinguishes number in the 3rd person possessives.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Absolutive | -ga | -kka |
| Ergative | -ma | |
| Instrumental | -nnik | |
| Allative | -nnut | |
| Ablative | -nnit | |
| Locative | -nni | |
| Prolative | -kkut | |
| Equative | -ttut | |
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Absolutive | -t | -tit |
| Ergative | -vit | |
| Instrumental | -nnik | |
| Allative | -nnut | |
| Ablative | -nnit | |
| Locative | -nni | |
| Prolative | -kkut | |
| Equative | -ttut | |
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Absolutive | -a | -i |
| Ergative | -ata | -isa |
| Instrumental | -anik | -inik |
| Allative | -anut | -inut |
| Ablative | -anit | -init |
| Locative | -ani | -ini |
| Prolative | -agut | -isigut |
| Equative | -atut | -isut |
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Absolutive | -ni | |
| Ergative | -mi | |
| Instrumental | -minik | |
| Allative | -minut | |
| Ablative | -minit | |
| Locative | -mini | |
| Prolative | -migut | |
| Equative | -misut | |
Types
[edit]| Singular | Plural | Notes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absolutive | Ergative | Instrumental | 3sg | Absolutive | Instrumental | 3pl | |
| sila | silap | silamik | silaa | silat | silanik | silaat | Ending in -a or *-ə → -i. |
| illu | illup | illumik | illua | illut | illunik | illui | Ending in -i or -u. |
| angut | angutip | angummik, angutimik | angutaa | angutit | angutinik | angutaat | Ending in -t. |
| aallaat | aallaasip | aallaammik | aallaasaa | aallaasit | aallaasinik | aallaasaat | Same as type angut, but with assibilation. |