-sco

See also: SCO and sćo

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *-skō, from Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti.

Suffix

-scō (present infinitive -scere, perfect active -ī, supine -um); third conjugation

1. Forms inchoative verbs from existing verbs, meaning "to start to (verb), to begin to (verb)".

Conjugation

This suffix only forms the first principal part; the perfect and supine stems used vary according to the verb (e.g. adolēscō, adoluī, adultum).

Conjugation of -scō (third conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	-scō	-scis	-scit	-scimus	-scitis	-scunt
	imperfect	-scēbam	-scēbās	-scēbat	-scēbāmus	-scēbātis	-scēbant
	future	-scam	-scēs	-scet	-scēmus	-scētis	-scent
	perfect	-ī	-istī	-it	-imus	-istis	-ērunt, -ēre
	pluperfect	-eram	-erās	-erat	-erāmus	-erātis	-erant
	future perfect	-erō	-eris	-erit	-erimus	-eritis	-erint
	sigmatic future1	-ō	-is	-it	-imus	-itis	-int
passive	present	-scor	-sceris, -scere	-scitur	-scimur	-sciminī	-scuntur
	imperfect	-scēbar	-scēbāris, -scēbāre	-scēbātur	-scēbāmur	-scēbāminī	-scēbantur
	future	-scar	-scēris, -scēre	-scētur	-scēmur	-scēminī	-scentur
	perfect	-us + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	-us + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	-us + future active indicative of sum
	sigmatic future1	-or	-eris	-itur	—	—	—
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	-scam	-scās	-scat	-scāmus	-scātis	-scant
	imperfect	-scerem	-scerēs	-sceret	-scerēmus	-scerētis	-scerent
	perfect	-erim	-erīs	-erit	-erīmus	-erītis	-erint
	pluperfect	-issem	-issēs	-isset	-issēmus	-issētis	-issent
	sigmatic aorist1	-im	-īs	-īt	-īmus	-ītis	-int
passive	present	-scar	-scāris, -scāre	-scātur	-scāmur	-scāminī	-scantur
	imperfect	-scerer	-scerēris, -scerēre	-scerētur	-scerēmur	-scerēminī	-scerentur
	perfect	-us + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	-us + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	-sce	—	—	-scite	—
	future	—	-scitō	-scitō	—	-scitōte	-scuntō
passive	present	—	-scere	—	—	-sciminī	—
	future	—	-scitor	-scitor	—	—	-scuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		-scere	-isse	-ūrum esse	-scī	-um esse	-um īrī
participles		-scēns	—	-ūrus	—	-us	-scendus, -scundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		-scendī	-scendō	-scendum	-scendō	-um	-ū

¹At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.

Derived terms

• -ēscō
• -īscō

Latin terms suffixed with -sco

Spanish

Alternative forms

• -asco, -esco, -isco, -izco, -usco, -uzco
• -sca, -asca, -esca, -isca, -izca, -usca, -uzca (for the noun)

Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin, Vulgar Latin -iscus.

Suffix

-sco (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -sca, masculine plural -scos, feminine plural -scas)

1. Forms adjectives that signify relation to the word stem; sometimes pejorative.

   ‎príncipe (“prince”) + ‎-sco → ‎principesco (“related to princes”)

Suffix

-sco m (noun-forming suffix, plural -scos)

1. Forms augmentative nouns.

   ‎peña (“rock”) + ‎-sco → ‎peñasco (“large rock, boulder”)

2. Forms collective nouns.

Derived terms

Spanish terms suffixed with -sco

Further reading

• “-sco”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28