horresco

Latin

Etymology

From horreō (“I shudder”) +‎ -scō (inchoative).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /horˈreːs.koː/, [hɔrˈreːs̠koː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /orˈres.ko/, [orˈrɛsko]

Verb

horrēscō (present infinitive horrēscere, perfect active horruī); third conjugation, no supine stem

1. to begin to bristle up; one's hair rises on end
2. to become terrified
3. to begin to shiver, shake, tremble, shudder

   Synonyms: cohorrēscō, tremēscō

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.203–205:

     “Ecce! Autem geminī ā Tenedō tranquilla per altā —
     horrēscō referēns! — immēnsīs orbibus anguēs
     incumbunt pelagō, pariterque ad lītora tendunt.”

     “Look! And now, [coming] from Tenedos, through the placid deep – I shudder [in] retelling [it]! – twin snakes with endless coils lean into the sea, and advance together toward the shore.” – Aeneas

4. (transitive) to start to dread

Conjugation

Conjugation of horrēscō (third conjugation, no supine stem)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	horrēscō	horrēscis	horrēscit	horrēscimus	horrēscitis	horrēscunt
	imperfect	horrēscēbam	horrēscēbās	horrēscēbat	horrēscēbāmus	horrēscēbātis	horrēscēbant
	future	horrēscam	horrēscēs	horrēscet	horrēscēmus	horrēscētis	horrēscent
	perfect	horruī	horruistī	horruit	horruimus	horruistis	horruērunt, horruēre
	pluperfect	horrueram	horruerās	horruerat	horruerāmus	horruerātis	horruerant
	future perfect	horruerō	horrueris	horruerit	horruerimus	horrueritis	horruerint
passive	present	horrēscor	horrēsceris, horrēscere	horrēscitur	horrēscimur	horrēsciminī	horrēscuntur
	imperfect	horrēscēbar	horrēscēbāris, horrēscēbāre	horrēscēbātur	horrēscēbāmur	horrēscēbāminī	horrēscēbantur
	future	horrēscar	horrēscēris, horrēscēre	horrēscētur	horrēscēmur	horrēscēminī	horrēscentur
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	horrēscam	horrēscās	horrēscat	horrēscāmus	horrēscātis	horrēscant
	imperfect	horrēscerem	horrēscerēs	horrēsceret	horrēscerēmus	horrēscerētis	horrēscerent
	perfect	horruerim	horruerīs	horruerit	horruerīmus	horruerītis	horruerint
	pluperfect	horruissem	horruissēs	horruisset	horruissēmus	horruissētis	horruissent
passive	present	horrēscar	horrēscāris, horrēscāre	horrēscātur	horrēscāmur	horrēscāminī	horrēscantur
	imperfect	horrēscerer	horrēscerēris, horrēscerēre	horrēscerētur	horrēscerēmur	horrēscerēminī	horrēscerentur
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	horrēsce	—	—	horrēscite	—
	future	—	horrēscitō	horrēscitō	—	horrēscitōte	horrēscuntō
passive	present	—	horrēscere	—	—	horrēsciminī	—
	future	—	horrēscitor	horrēscitor	—	—	horrēscuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		horrēscere	horruisse	—	horrēscī	—	—
participles		horrēscēns	—	—	—	—	horrēscendus, horrēscundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		horrēscendī	horrēscendō	horrēscendum	horrēscendō	—	—

Synonyms

• inhorrēscō

Descendants

• Albanian: urrej
• Aromanian: urãscu
• Romanian: urî
• Sardinian: orròschere

References

• “horresco”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “horresco”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• horresco in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.