-irati

See also: irati and Irati

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From German -ieren with the infinitive ending -en replaced with native -ati. The German suffix is from Middle High German -ieren, from Old French -ier, from Latin -āre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ǐːrati/

Suffix

-irati (Cyrillic spelling -ирати)

1. A suffix appended to words, primarily loanwords, to form verbs.

   Synonym: -ovati

Usage notes

• The suffix -irati is only common in Croatia where it was at one point productive and used to form new verbs. It is still occasionally used to consciously form new verbs from loanwords, especially from Germanic languages. It can also be found in Bosnia and Serbia but to a lesser extent, being mostly used to adopt verbs borrowed from other languages.

Conjugation

Conjugation of -irati

Infinitive: -irati		Present verbal adverb: -írajūći		Past verbal adverb: —		Verbal noun: -írānje
Number		Singular			Plural
Person		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Verbal forms		ja	ti	on / ona / ono	mi	vi	oni / one / ona
Present		-iram	-iraš	-ira	-iramo	-irate	-iraju
Future	Future I	-irat ću1 -iraću	-irat ćeš1 -iraćeš	-irat će1 -iraće	-irat ćemo1 -iraćemo	-irat ćete1 -iraćete	-irat će1 -iraće
	Future II	bȕdēm -irao2	bȕdēš -irao2	bȕdē -irao2	bȕdēmo -irali2	bȕdēte -irali2	bȕdū -irali2
Past	Perfect	-irao sam2	-irao si2	-irao je2	-irali smo2	-irali ste2	-irali su2
	Pluperfect3	bȉo sam -irao2	bȉo si -irao2	bȉo je -irao2	bíli smo -irali2	bíli ste -irali2	bíli su -irali2
	Imperfect	-irah	-iraše	-iraše	-irasmo	-iraste	-irahu
Conditional I		-irao bih2	-irao bi2	-irao bi2	-irali bismo2	-irali biste2	-irali bi2
Conditional II4		bȉo bih -irao2	bȉo bi -irao2	bȉo bi -irao2	bíli bismo -irali2	bíli biste -irali2	bíli bi -irali2
Imperative		—	-iraj	—	-irajmo	-irajte	—
Active past participle		-irao m / -irala f / -iralo n			-irali m / -irale f / -irala n
1   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic. 2   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively. 3   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped. 4   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.   *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Synonyms

• -isati (Bosnia, Serbia)

Derived terms

Serbo-Croatian terms suffixed with -irati